Successful treatment of prolonged cardiopulmonary arrest of Kounis syndrome during coronary angioplasty.

We experienced a case of Kounis syndrome with cardiopulmonary arrest and severe coronary spasm. A 70-year-old man with cardiac pacemaker and chronic dialysis was treated for angina pectoris of the right coronary artery. After diagnostic coronary angiography of the right coronary artery, optical coherence tomography was performed with contrast medium and low-molecular-weight dextran. The patient's blood pressure unexpectedly dropped to 40 mmHg and erythema of the breast was noted. Electrocardiogram showed remarkable ST elevation in II, III, aVF leads. Coronary angiography showed total occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery. Although intracoronary infusion of sodium nitrate did not dilate the coronary artery promptly, coronary balloon angioplasty recovered the artery flow. Since severe anaphylaxis-related shock was contemplated, methyl prednisolone and epinephrine were administered intravenously. We could not introduce percutaneous cardiopulmonary support due to kinking of the vein. After 1 hour of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with frequent ventricular fibrillation and direct current shock, the sinus rhythm and blood pressure recovered. Following 2 months of intensive care treatment for other complications, including infection, the patient was discharged from hospital without any residual disability. <Learning objective: An anaphylactic reaction is one of the causes of sudden deterioration of a patient's condition observed during interventional procedures. Kounis syndrome is a rare and not yet well known important concept that deals with the reaction. Therefore, we report a severe case of Kounis syndrome with cardiopulmonary arrest.