Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to anemia in a 71-year-old patient with sigmoid septum.

Sigmoid septum, although frequently observed in the elderly, has no pathophysiological significance in general. A 71-year-old woman with sigmoid septum developed acute heart failure because of a significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with the aggravation of anemia. This report provides the evidence that a hypercontractile cardiac state induced by anemia can be critical, especially in patients with sigmoid septum. Assessment of the left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient is important in heart failure patients with sigmoid septum and dynamic obstruction.