Jahrane Dale1, Haocheng Zhou2, Qiaosheng Zhang1, Amrita Singh1, Jing Wang3. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pain Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Pain Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. 3. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jing.wang2@nyumc.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Traditional methods to assess pain in rodents depend on measures of nociceptive responses, most commonly from the hind paws. While these measures can quantify nociceptive responses to allow pharmacologic testing, they typically have high inter-experimenter variability and are not time-sensitive enough to correct with neural processes that occur on millisecond scales. NEW METHOD: We have invented a pain detection device that uses changes in skin conductance to measure nocifensive withdrawal responses. This device automatically records how long it takes for a rodent to withdraw its paw from the onset of peripheral noxious stimulation. RESULTS: With this pain device, we can record accurate timing (on the millisecond scale) for nociceptive responses, with high accuracy and consistency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this device can allow us to distinguish the nociceptive response to mechanical noxious stimuli of different intensities. Finally, we demonstrate that this device can be digitally integrated to correlate behavior with neural activities in real-time. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a new automated, temporally specific method for quantifying nociceptive responses to facilitate pain studies. Published by Elsevier B.V.
BACKGROUND: Traditional methods to assess pain in rodents depend on measures of nociceptive responses, most commonly from the hind paws. While these measures can quantify nociceptive responses to allow pharmacologic testing, they typically have high inter-experimenter variability and are not time-sensitive enough to correct with neural processes that occur on millisecond scales. NEW METHOD: We have invented a pain detection device that uses changes in skin conductance to measure nocifensive withdrawal responses. This device automatically records how long it takes for a rodent to withdraw its paw from the onset of peripheral noxious stimulation. RESULTS: With this pain device, we can record accurate timing (on the millisecond scale) for nociceptive responses, with high accuracy and consistency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this device can allow us to distinguish the nociceptive response to mechanical noxious stimuli of different intensities. Finally, we demonstrate that this device can be digitally integrated to correlate behavior with neural activities in real-time. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a new automated, temporally specific method for quantifying nociceptive responses to facilitate pain studies. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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