Xiao Yan1,2, Yun-Long Zhang1,2, Liang Zhang1,2, Lei-Xin Zou1,2, Chen Chen1,2, Ying Liu2, Yun-Long Xia2, Hui-Hua Li1,2. 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China. 2. Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
Abstract
SCOPE: Gallic acid (GA) is a dietary phenolic acid found in tea, red wine, and some plants. It exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Recent studies have revealed that GA has beneficial effects against several cardiovascular diseases; however, whether GA attenuates pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Primary cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II). Cardiac hypertrophic remodeling is induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Myocardial function is evaluated by echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses, while cardiac tissues are analyzed by histological staining. It is observed that GA significantly decreases Ang II-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size in vitro. Administration of GA in mice markedly improves TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and attenuates pathological changes, including cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, GA inhibits ULK1 and activates autophagy, which induces the degradation of EGFR, gp130, and calcineurin A, thereby inhibiting the downstream signaling cascades (AKT, ERK1/2, JAK2/STAT3, and NFATc1). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate for the first time that GA prevents myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction via an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Thus, GA represents a promising therapeutic candidate for treating cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
SCOPE: Gallic acid (GA) is a dietary phenolic acid found in tea, red wine, and some plants. It exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Recent studies have revealed that GA has beneficial effects against several cardiovascular diseases; however, whether GA attenuates pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS:Primary cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II). Cardiac hypertrophic remodeling is induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Myocardial function is evaluated by echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses, while cardiac tissues are analyzed by histological staining. It is observed that GA significantly decreases Ang II-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size in vitro. Administration of GA in mice markedly improves TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and attenuates pathological changes, including cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, GA inhibits ULK1 and activates autophagy, which induces the degradation of EGFR, gp130, and calcineurin A, thereby inhibiting the downstream signaling cascades (AKT, ERK1/2, JAK2/STAT3, and NFATc1). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate for the first time that GA prevents myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction via an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Thus, GA represents a promising therapeutic candidate for treating cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.