Qingzhao Li1, Jiali Zheng2, Sheng Xu3, Jingshu Zhang4, Yanhua Cao1, Zhenlong Qin5, Xiaoqin Liu6, Chunyang Jiang7. 1. School of Public Health , North China University of Science and Technology , 57 Jianshe Road , Tangshan 063000 , Hebei , People's Republic of China. 2. Department of Neurology , The People's Hospital of Pingliang , 79 East street , Pingliang 744000 , Gansu , People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Neurosurgery , Tangshan People's Hospital , 65 Shengli Road , Tangshan 063001 , Hebei , People's Republic of China. 4. The Center for Hygienic Analysis and Detection , Nanjing Medical University , 101 LongMian Avenue , Jiangning District , Nanjing 211166 , People's Republic of China. 5. Department of Anesthesiology , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital , No 51 Xiaoguan Street , Anwai , Chaoyang District , Beijing 100029 , People's Republic of China . Email: tsqinzl@163.com ; ; Tel: +86 10 52075429. 6. Department of Nephrology , Hongqi Hospital , Mudanjiang Medical College , 5 Tongxiang Road , Aimin District , Mudanjiang 157011 , Heilongjiang , People's Republic of China . Email: 413078159@163.com ; ; Tel: +86 453 6582800. 7. Department of Thoracic Surgery , Tianjin Union Medical Center , 190 Jieyuan Road , Hongqiao District , Tianjin 300121, Tianjin , People's Republic of China . Email: chunyangjiang@126.com ; ; Tel: +86 22 27557493.
Abstract
Objective: The complex components of PM2.5 including metal elements transported through the blood brain barrier could induce nervous system damage. This study discusses the relationship between rats' learning and memory and changes in the hippocampal neuron histomorphology and neurotransmitter levels induced by PM2.5 exposure. Methods: Male rats were treated with different concentrations of PM2.5 by tracheal perfusion once per week for up to 12 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, the main metal element contents (Al, Pb, Cu, Mn, As, Cr, Cd, and Ni) of the blood and whole hippocampus, levels of neurotransmitters released in the whole hippocampus and relative receptors, and changes in the hippocampal structure were detected. Results: The results showed that PM2.5 significantly reduced the cognitive learning abilities of rats. PM2.5 exposure increased the contents of hippocampal lead, manganese, and aluminum. The level of glutamic acid was increased in the hippocampal tissues of the 20 mg kg-1 group, in combination with the decreased N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) and increased metabotropic glutamate receptor type1 (mGluR1) expression. Increased clearance, a mild disorder of arrangement, and mild edema could be observed in the rat hippocampal neurons treated with PM2.5. Conclusion: PM2.5-induced defects in learning and memory may be related to the morphological abnormalities of the hippocampus and the abnormal expression of neurotransmitters and their receptors.
Objective: The complex components of PM2.5 including metal elements transported through the blood brain barrier could induce nervous system damage. This study discusses the relationship between rats' learning and memory and changes in the hippocampal neuron histomorphology and neurotransmitter levels induced by PM2.5 exposure. Methods: Male rats were treated with different concentrations of PM2.5 by tracheal perfusion once per week for up to 12 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed, the main metal element contents (Al, Pb, Cu, Mn, As, Cr, Cd, and Ni) of the blood and whole hippocampus, levels of neurotransmitters released in the whole hippocampus and relative receptors, and changes in the hippocampal structure were detected. Results: The results showed that PM2.5 significantly reduced the cognitive learning abilities of rats. PM2.5 exposure increased the contents of hippocampal lead, manganese, and aluminum. The level of glutamic acid was increased in the hippocampal tissues of the 20 mg kg-1 group, in combination with the decreased N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) and increased metabotropic glutamate receptor type1 (mGluR1) expression. Increased clearance, a mild disorder of arrangement, and mild edema could be observed in the rat hippocampal neurons treated with PM2.5. Conclusion: PM2.5-induced defects in learning and memory may be related to the morphological abnormalities of the hippocampus and the abnormal expression of neurotransmitters and their receptors.
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