Catherine P O'Sullivan1, Theresa Lamagni2, Darshana Patel2, Androulla Efstratiou2, Robert Cunney3, Mary Meehan4, Shamez Ladhani5, Arlene J Reynolds6, Ruth Campbell7, Lorraine Doherty7, Margaret Boyle8, Georgia Kapatai5, Victoria Chalker5, Diane Lindsay9, Andrew Smith10, Eleri Davies11, Christine E Jones12, Paul T Heath13. 1. Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group & Vaccine Institute, St George's University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: cosulliv@sgul.ac.uk. 2. National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK. 3. Health Service Executive Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. 4. Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. 5. Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK. 6. Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK. 7. Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK. 8. Department of Health Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK. 9. Scottish Haemophilus, Legionella, Meningococcus, and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Glasgow, UK. 10. Scottish Haemophilus, Legionella, Meningococcus, and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Glasgow, UK; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. 11. Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK. 12. Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. 13. Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group & Vaccine Institute, St George's University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Group B streptococcus is a leading cause of serious infection in young infants in many countries worldwide. We aimed to define the burden and clinical features of invasive group B streptococcal disease in infants younger than 90 days in the UK and Ireland, together with the characteristics of disease-causing isolates. METHODS: Prospective, active national surveillance of invasive group B streptococcal disease in infants younger than 90 days was done from April 1, 2014, to April 30, 2015, through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit, microbiology reference laboratories, and national public health agencies in the UK and Ireland. Early onset was defined as disease in the first 6 days of life and late onset was defined as 7-89 days of life. Incidence was calculated using livebirths in 2014 (after adjustment for the 13-month surveillance period). Isolates were characterised by serotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. FINDINGS: 856 cases of group B streptococcus were identified in 2014-15, an incidence of 0·94 per 1000 livebirths (95% CI 0·88-1·00). Incidence for early-onset disease (n=517) was 0·57 per 1000 livebirths (95% CI 0·52-0·62), and for late-onset disease (n=339) was 0·37 per 1000 livebirths (0·33-0·41). 53 infants died (case fatality rate 6·2%), of whom 27 had early-onset disease (case fatality rate 5·2%) and 26 had late-onset disease (case fatality rate 7·7%). The predominant serotypes were III (241 [60%] of 402 serotyped isolates) and Ia (69 [17%]); five serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, III, V) accounted for 377 (94%) of all serotyped isolates. INTERPRETATION: The incidence of invasive infant group B streptococcal disease in the UK and Ireland has increased since a comparable study done in 2000-01. The burden of early-onset disease has not declined despite the introduction of national prevention guidelines. New strategies for prevention are required. FUNDING: Meningitis Now.
BACKGROUND:Group B streptococcus is a leading cause of serious infection in young infants in many countries worldwide. We aimed to define the burden and clinical features of invasive group B streptococcal disease in infants younger than 90 days in the UK and Ireland, together with the characteristics of disease-causing isolates. METHODS: Prospective, active national surveillance of invasive group B streptococcal disease in infants younger than 90 days was done from April 1, 2014, to April 30, 2015, through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit, microbiology reference laboratories, and national public health agencies in the UK and Ireland. Early onset was defined as disease in the first 6 days of life and late onset was defined as 7-89 days of life. Incidence was calculated using livebirths in 2014 (after adjustment for the 13-month surveillance period). Isolates were characterised by serotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. FINDINGS: 856 cases of group B streptococcus were identified in 2014-15, an incidence of 0·94 per 1000 livebirths (95% CI 0·88-1·00). Incidence for early-onset disease (n=517) was 0·57 per 1000 livebirths (95% CI 0·52-0·62), and for late-onset disease (n=339) was 0·37 per 1000 livebirths (0·33-0·41). 53 infants died (case fatality rate 6·2%), of whom 27 had early-onset disease (case fatality rate 5·2%) and 26 had late-onset disease (case fatality rate 7·7%). The predominant serotypes were III (241 [60%] of 402 serotyped isolates) and Ia (69 [17%]); five serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, III, V) accounted for 377 (94%) of all serotyped isolates. INTERPRETATION: The incidence of invasive infant group B streptococcal disease in the UK and Ireland has increased since a comparable study done in 2000-01. The burden of early-onset disease has not declined despite the introduction of national prevention guidelines. New strategies for prevention are required. FUNDING: Meningitis Now.
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