Sulagna Bandyopadhyay1, Srishti Sinha1, Sumithra Selvam2, Anura V Kurpad1, Rebecca Kuriyan3. 1. Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India. 2. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India. 3. Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India. rebecca@sjri.res.in.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some cereals, consumed at breakfast, have shown lower glycemic responses. Limited data exist in the Indian context, where the effect could be modified due to genetic or racial differences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cereal and milk, with or without fruits/nuts, on the glycemic response in healthy Indian men. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized cross-over study was carried out on 16 men (18 - 45 years), with 3 interventions providing equal amounts of glycemic carbohydrate: a glucose drink (Reference), cereal and milk (CM), and cereal, milk, fruits and nuts (CMO), on separate days. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, ghrelin, energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation and appetite/satiety were measured repeatedly over 3 hours post meal. RESULTS: A significant time effect and time x meal interaction between the meals, higher for the Reference meal, was observed for plasma glucose (p<0.001), insulin (p<0.001), C-peptide (p<0.001), and carbohydrate oxidation (p<0.001); while lower for satiety (p<0.001). The plasma glucose concentrations of CM and CMO meals returned to baseline 60 min postprandially, then remained there, unlike the Reference meal, where the plasma glucose values returned to baseline at 120 min and dipped significantly below baseline at 150 and 180 min. A significant effect of time (p<0.001) was observed for EE between meals. Ghrelin levels did not differ significantly between the test meals. CONCLUSIONS:Cereal with milk, along with fruits and nuts at breakfast, has a lower and stable glycemic response, along with increased satiety among healthy male subjects.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some cereals, consumed at breakfast, have shown lower glycemic responses. Limited data exist in the Indian context, where the effect could be modified due to genetic or racial differences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cereal and milk, with or without fruits/nuts, on the glycemic response in healthy Indian men. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A randomized cross-over study was carried out on 16 men (18 - 45 years), with 3 interventions providing equal amounts of glycemic carbohydrate: a glucose drink (Reference), cereal and milk (CM), and cereal, milk, fruits and nuts (CMO), on separate days. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, ghrelin, energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation and appetite/satiety were measured repeatedly over 3 hours post meal. RESULTS: A significant time effect and time x meal interaction between the meals, higher for the Reference meal, was observed for plasma glucose (p<0.001), insulin (p<0.001), C-peptide (p<0.001), and carbohydrate oxidation (p<0.001); while lower for satiety (p<0.001). The plasma glucose concentrations of CM and CMO meals returned to baseline 60 min postprandially, then remained there, unlike the Reference meal, where the plasma glucose values returned to baseline at 120 min and dipped significantly below baseline at 150 and 180 min. A significant effect of time (p<0.001) was observed for EE between meals. Ghrelin levels did not differ significantly between the test meals. CONCLUSIONS: Cereal with milk, along with fruits and nuts at breakfast, has a lower and stable glycemic response, along with increased satiety among healthy male subjects.
Authors: Emilia Papakonstantinou; Konstantinos Galanopoulos; Anastasia E Kapetanakou; Maria Gkerekou; Panagiotis N Skandamis Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-09-13 Impact factor: 4.614