Pharmacotherapy and the neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury.

Recent advances in clinical neuropharmacology are likely to improve the treatment and rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Treatment may be directed to alleviate specific symptoms, to improve function in certain areas, or even to enhance the cortical recovery process. The author reviews pertinent issues in clinical neuropharmacology for the following drug classes: stimulants, other dopamine agonists, antidepressants, lithium, cholinergics, neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nootropes, opiates and neuropeptides. Since the relevant research literature in TBI is so sparse, information and recommendations are extrapolated from some other patient groups, especially developmentally handicapped children and adults, and patients with dementia.