Angela Koutsokera1, Rhea A Varughese2, Jenna Sykes3, Ani Orchanian-Cheff4, Prakesh S Shah5, Cecilia Chaparro6, Elizabeth Tullis3, Lianne G Singer7, Anne L Stephenson3. 1. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Lung Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: angela.koutsokera@chuv.ch. 2. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Lung Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 3. Division of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4. Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Departments of Paediatrics and HPME, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Lung Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Respirology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 7. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Lung Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mortality risk stratification is essential in lung transplantation (LTx) to allow listing, prioritization and mitigating strategies. In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, predictors of post-LTx mortality are not established. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, seven databases were searched until January 3, 2018 to identify predictors of post-LTx mortality in CF. We excluded studies of multi-organ transplantation, re-transplantation and graft survival. For multiple studies assessing the same population during overlapping time-periods, the largest one was analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Pooled hazard ratios were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS: Fifty-four studies were included in the systematic review and 11 studies in the meta-analyses (low-to-moderate bias risk, NOS score ≥ 5). Among 10 factors assessed in the meta-analysis, B. cepacia complex (BCC) (N = 1451, unadjusted HR = 2.35, 95%CI:1.80-3.06; I2 = 20.4% and adjusted HR = 2.49, 95%CI:1.74-3.57; I2 = 46.2%) and ascending chronological year of LTx (N = 4207, unadjusted HR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.97-0.98, I2 = 4.8%) were predictors of post-LTx mortality. Male gender (N = 2903, adjusted HR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.0-1.26, I2 = 0%) and age in adults (N = 3677, unadjusted HR = 0.99, 95%CI:0.97-1.00; I2 = 64.1% and N = 2605, adjusted HR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.97-0.99; I2 = 34.3%) had borderline significant associations with post-LTx mortality. P. aeruginosa colonization, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), pulmonary hypertension, body mass index (BMI), pancreatic insufficiency and CF-related diabetes (CFRD) were not predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: BCC was associated with a higher post-LTx mortality whereas FEV1, pulmonary hypertension, BMI, CFRD and female gender were not associated with post-LTx mortality. These findings indicate that CF-specific risk estimates of post-LTx mortality should be considered.
BACKGROUND: Mortality risk stratification is essential in lung transplantation (LTx) to allow listing, prioritization and mitigating strategies. In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, predictors of post-LTx mortality are not established. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, seven databases were searched until January 3, 2018 to identify predictors of post-LTx mortality in CF. We excluded studies of multi-organ transplantation, re-transplantation and graft survival. For multiple studies assessing the same population during overlapping time-periods, the largest one was analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Pooled hazard ratios were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS: Fifty-four studies were included in the systematic review and 11 studies in the meta-analyses (low-to-moderate bias risk, NOS score ≥ 5). Among 10 factors assessed in the meta-analysis, B. cepacia complex (BCC) (N = 1451, unadjusted HR = 2.35, 95%CI:1.80-3.06; I2 = 20.4% and adjusted HR = 2.49, 95%CI:1.74-3.57; I2 = 46.2%) and ascending chronological year of LTx (N = 4207, unadjusted HR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.97-0.98, I2 = 4.8%) were predictors of post-LTx mortality. Male gender (N = 2903, adjusted HR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.0-1.26, I2 = 0%) and age in adults (N = 3677, unadjusted HR = 0.99, 95%CI:0.97-1.00; I2 = 64.1% and N = 2605, adjusted HR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.97-0.99; I2 = 34.3%) had borderline significant associations with post-LTx mortality. P. aeruginosa colonization, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), pulmonary hypertension, body mass index (BMI), pancreatic insufficiency and CF-related diabetes (CFRD) were not predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: BCC was associated with a higher post-LTx mortality whereas FEV1, pulmonary hypertension, BMI, CFRD and female gender were not associated with post-LTx mortality. These findings indicate that CF-specific risk estimates of post-LTx mortality should be considered.