Ibrahim A Al-Zahrani1, Esam I Azhar2, Asif A Jiman-Fatani3, Loai A Siddig4, Muhammad Yasir4, Ahmed K Al-Ghamdi5, Colin R Harwood6. 1. Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Special Infectious Agents Unit-Biosafety Level-3, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: iaalzahrani1@kau.edu.sa. 2. Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Special Infectious Agents Unit-Biosafety Level-3, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 3. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4. Special Infectious Agents Unit-Biosafety Level-3, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 5. Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 6. Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: A rapid molecular typing system was used to determine the impact of mass migration on the clonal variation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) Jeddah, in the western region of Saudi Arabia. This region experiences an annual influx of millions of pilgrims. METHODS: SmaI-multiplex PCR typing (SMT) was used for the initial analysis of strains and the resulting data subsequently supported by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). RESULTS: A total of 89 S. aureus isolates were SMT typed and revealed a high degree of genetic variation, with 40 SMT profiles detected among the isolates. Representatives of all forty SMT types were subsequently analysed by MLST, identifying 26 sequence types. A novel sequence type (ST), named ST3303, was identified in two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. MSSA strains exhibited more diversity than methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, with community acquired MSSA and MRSA strains reaching alarmingly high levels. CONCLUSION: The relatively high degree of genetic diversity found among S. aureus isolates of single hospital was attributed to the fact that Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca, visited each year by millions of pilgrims from many countries. The observed diversity clearly reflects the impact of such mass migrations in the rapid dissemination of strains world-wide. Our findings suggest the importance of surveillance programmes in locations affected by mass migrations, both to monitor their impact on endemic strains and for the detection of pandemic strains. SMT provides a cost-effective and sensitive typing method for achieving this objective.
OBJECTIVES: A rapid molecular typing system was used to determine the impact of mass migration on the clonal variation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) Jeddah, in the western region of Saudi Arabia. This region experiences an annual influx of millions of pilgrims. METHODS: SmaI-multiplex PCR typing (SMT) was used for the initial analysis of strains and the resulting data subsequently supported by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). RESULTS: A total of 89 S. aureus isolates were SMT typed and revealed a high degree of genetic variation, with 40 SMT profiles detected among the isolates. Representatives of all forty SMT types were subsequently analysed by MLST, identifying 26 sequence types. A novel sequence type (ST), named ST3303, was identified in two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. MSSA strains exhibited more diversity than methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, with community acquired MSSA and MRSA strains reaching alarmingly high levels. CONCLUSION: The relatively high degree of genetic diversity found among S. aureus isolates of single hospital was attributed to the fact that Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca, visited each year by millions of pilgrims from many countries. The observed diversity clearly reflects the impact of such mass migrations in the rapid dissemination of strains world-wide. Our findings suggest the importance of surveillance programmes in locations affected by mass migrations, both to monitor their impact on endemic strains and for the detection of pandemic strains. SMT provides a cost-effective and sensitive typing method for achieving this objective.
Authors: Taghreed N Almanaa; Sami A Alyahya; Jamal M Khaled; Muhammed R Shehu; Naiyf S Alharbi; Shine Kadaikunnan; Ahmed S Alobaidi; Ahmad Khalid Alzahrani Journal: Saudi J Biol Sci Date: 2020-04-10 Impact factor: 4.219
Authors: Mohamed A Ali; Ahmad M Rajab; Abdullah M Al-Khani; Saleh Q Ayash; Amjad Chams Basha; Ahmed Abdelgadir; Tawfik M Rajab; Saed Enabi; Nazmus Saquib Journal: Saudi Med J Date: 2020-11 Impact factor: 1.484