Julianne Skarha1, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón2, Paige L Williams3, Tim I M Korevaar2, Ralph A de Poortere4, Maarten A C Broeren4, Jennifer B Ford2, Melissa Eliot1, Russ Hauser2, Joseph M Braun5. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 2. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Máxima Medical Centre, De Run 4600, 5500 MB Veldhoven, the Netherlands. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address: joseph_braun_1@brown.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to the antimicrobial agent triclosan is ubiquitous. Research in animals shows that triclosan can cause decreases in thyroxine concentrations. However, the potential effects of triclosan on thyroid function in humans are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between urinary triclosan concentrations and serum thyroid function biomarkers in women seeking assisted reproduction treatment in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 317 women enrolled in the EARTH Study, a prospective preconception cohort that recruits Boston area couples. Using samples collected at study entry, we quantified urinary triclosan and serum thyroid function biomarker concentrations, specifically free and total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid antibodies. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in thyroid function biomarkers per 10-fold increase in triclosan using linear regression models. We examined effect modification by body mass index (BMI) and infertility diagnosis. RESULTS: The median urinary triclosan concentration was 7.8 μg/L (IQR: 3.0-59 μg/L). Each 10-fold increase in triclosan was inversely associated with free triidothyronine (T3) (β: -0.06 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.1, -0.01), thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) (-10%; 95% CI: -19, -0.4), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) (-12%; 95% CI: -23,0.9) concentrations. BMI and infertility diagnosis modified the association of triclosan with free T3 and TPOAb, respectively. CONCLUSION: Urinary triclosan concentrations were inversely associated with specific serum thyroid function biomarkers in this cohort, suggesting that triclosan may affect thyroid homeostasis and autoimmunity.
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to the antimicrobial agent triclosan is ubiquitous. Research in animals shows that triclosan can cause decreases in thyroxine concentrations. However, the potential effects of triclosan on thyroid function in humans are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between urinary triclosan concentrations and serum thyroid function biomarkers in women seeking assisted reproduction treatment in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 317 women enrolled in the EARTH Study, a prospective preconception cohort that recruits Boston area couples. Using samples collected at study entry, we quantified urinary triclosan and serum thyroid function biomarker concentrations, specifically free and total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid antibodies. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in thyroid function biomarkers per 10-fold increase in triclosan using linear regression models. We examined effect modification by body mass index (BMI) and infertility diagnosis. RESULTS: The median urinary triclosan concentration was 7.8 μg/L (IQR: 3.0-59 μg/L). Each 10-fold increase in triclosan was inversely associated with free triidothyronine (T3) (β: -0.06 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.1, -0.01), thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) (-10%; 95% CI: -19, -0.4), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) (-12%; 95% CI: -23,0.9) concentrations. BMI and infertility diagnosis modified the association of triclosan with free T3 and TPOAb, respectively. CONCLUSION: Urinary triclosan concentrations were inversely associated with specific serum thyroid function biomarkers in this cohort, suggesting that triclosan may affect thyroid homeostasis and autoimmunity.
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