ESRD patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C: Outcomes and management challenges.

HIV infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Due to shared modes of acquisition, many HIV+ patients are coinfected with Hepatitis C. HIV/HCV coinfected patients have an increased burden of chronic kidney disease and are more likely to progress to end-stage renal disease. Dialysis survival is diminished in the coinfected population, even in the contemporary era. Kidney transplantation offers a survival benefit over remaining on dialysis; however, posttransplant outcomes are inferior compared to patients with HIV infection alone. Direct acting antiviral agents may offer an opportunity to improve patient survival, but there are significant drug-drug interactions involving the direct acting antiviral agents, antiretroviral therapy, and immunosuppression that the clinician should be aware of.