BACKGROUND: To determine the impact of cardiac function and type of mitral valve (MV) surgery on blood flow and energy loss in the left ventricle (LV). Methods and Results: This study enrolled patients with ejection fraction (EF) <35% or >50%; both groups had native (n=27 and n=16), repaired (n=19 and n=33), or prosthetic MVs (n=18 and n=19). They were examined by echocardiography-based vector flow mapping to assess the LV blood flow pattern and energy loss per heartbeat. Among patients with preserved EF, those with native MVs displayed a clockwise vortex and relatively low energy loss. In contrast, MV replacement induced a counterclockwise vortex producing higher energy loss than MV repair, which induced a normal clockwise vortex. This indicated the need for MV repair to minimize LV energy loss after surgery. Among the patients with reduced EF, those with native MVs showed a blood flow pattern similar to those with preserved EF and native MVs; furthermore, those with repaired MVs and half of the patients with prosthetic MVs displayed a clockwise vortex, resulting in no difference in energy loss between the 2 types of MV surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac function and the type of MV surgery are factors affecting the postoperative LV blood flow pattern. MV replacement resulted in abnormal blood flow with normal cardiac function, whereas advanced cardiomyopathy modified the blood flow pattern post-MV replacement.
BACKGROUND: To determine the impact of cardiac function and type of mitral valve (MV) surgery on blood flow and energy loss in the left ventricle (LV). Methods and Results: This study enrolled patients with ejection fraction (EF) <35% or >50%; both groups had native (n=27 and n=16), repaired (n=19 and n=33), or prosthetic MVs (n=18 and n=19). They were examined by echocardiography-based vector flow mapping to assess the LV blood flow pattern and energy loss per heartbeat. Among patients with preserved EF, those with native MVs displayed a clockwise vortex and relatively low energy loss. In contrast, MV replacement induced a counterclockwise vortex producing higher energy loss than MV repair, which induced a normal clockwise vortex. This indicated the need for MV repair to minimize LV energy loss after surgery. Among the patients with reduced EF, those with native MVs showed a blood flow pattern similar to those with preserved EF and native MVs; furthermore, those with repaired MVs and half of the patients with prosthetic MVs displayed a clockwise vortex, resulting in no difference in energy loss between the 2 types of MV surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac function and the type of MV surgery are factors affecting the postoperative LV blood flow pattern. MV replacement resulted in abnormal blood flow with normal cardiac function, whereas advanced cardiomyopathy modified the blood flow pattern post-MV replacement.