Zachary J Madewell1, Estela Blanco2, Raquel Burrows3, Betsy Lozoff4, Sheila Gahagan2. 1. 1University of California,San Diego/San Diego State University, PhD Program in Public Health (Epidemiology), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, CA,USA. 2. 2University of California,San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, La Jolla, CA,USA. 3. 4Universidad de Chile,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Santiago,Chile. 4. 5University of Michigan,Center for Human Growth & Development, Ann Arbor, MI,USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present longitudinal study assessed whether changes in socio-economic status (SES) from infancy to adolescence were associated with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in adolescence, of which low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations are associated with higher cardiovascular risk. DESIGN: SES, assessed using the modified Graffar Index, was calculated at 1, 5, 10 and 16 years. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation extracted two orthogonal SES factors, termed 'environmental capital' and 'social capital'. Generalized linear models were used to analyse associations between environmental and social capital at 1 and 16 years and outcomes (HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, TC) at 16 years, as well as changes in environmental and social capital from 1-5, 5-10, 10-16 and 1-16 years, and outcomes at 16 years. SETTING: Santiago, Chile.ParticipantsWe evaluated 665 participants from the Santiago Longitudinal Study enrolled at infancy in Fe-deficiency anaemia studies and examined every 5 years to age 16 years. RESULTS: Social capital in infancy was associated with higher HDL-C in adolescence. Environmental capital in adolescence was associated with higher LDL-C and TC during adolescence. Changing environmental capital from 1-16 years was associated with higher LDL-C. Changing environmental capital from 1-5 and 1-16 years was associated with higher TC. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in environmental capital throughout childhood were associated with less healthy LDL-C and TC concentrations in adolescence. We found no evidence of associations between changing environmental capital and HDL-C or TAG, or changing social capital and HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG or TC.
OBJECTIVE: The present longitudinal study assessed whether changes in socio-economic status (SES) from infancy to adolescence were associated with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in adolescence, of which low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations are associated with higher cardiovascular risk. DESIGN: SES, assessed using the modified Graffar Index, was calculated at 1, 5, 10 and 16 years. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation extracted two orthogonal SES factors, termed 'environmental capital' and 'social capital'. Generalized linear models were used to analyse associations between environmental and social capital at 1 and 16 years and outcomes (HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG, TC) at 16 years, as well as changes in environmental and social capital from 1-5, 5-10, 10-16 and 1-16 years, and outcomes at 16 years. SETTING: Santiago, Chile.ParticipantsWe evaluated 665 participants from the Santiago Longitudinal Study enrolled at infancy in Fe-deficiency anaemia studies and examined every 5 years to age 16 years. RESULTS: Social capital in infancy was associated with higher HDL-C in adolescence. Environmental capital in adolescence was associated with higher LDL-C and TC during adolescence. Changing environmental capital from 1-16 years was associated with higher LDL-C. Changing environmental capital from 1-5 and 1-16 years was associated with higher TC. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in environmental capital throughout childhood were associated with less healthy LDL-C and TC concentrations in adolescence. We found no evidence of associations between changing environmental capital and HDL-C or TAG, or changing social capital and HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG or TC.
Entities:
Keywords:
Child health; Chile; Lipoproteins; Socio-economic status
Authors: Mark Veazie; Carma Ayala; Linda Schieb; Shifan Dai; Jeffrey A Henderson; Pyone Cho Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2014-04-22 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: R W Mahley; P Arslan; G Pekcan; G M Pépin; A Ağaçdiken; N Karaağoğlu; N Rakicioğlu; B Nursal; P Dayanikli; K E Palaoğlu; T P Bersot Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2001-12 Impact factor: 5.922
Authors: Sinead M Boylan; Timothy P Gill; Helle Hare-Bruun; Lars B Andersen; Berit L Heitmann Journal: Obes Res Clin Pract Date: 2014 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 2.288
Authors: Chris Power; Kate Atherton; David P Strachan; Peter Shepherd; Elizabeth Fuller; Adrian Davis; Ian Gibb; Meena Kumari; Gordon Lowe; Gary J Macfarlane; Jugnoo Rahi; Bryan Rodgers; Stephen Stansfeld Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2007-01-25 Impact factor: 7.196