Yufei Xiang1,2, Gan Huang1,2, Yaxi Zhu1,2, Xuan Zuo1,2, Xinyuan Liu1,2, Qiong Feng1,2, Xia Li1,2, Tubao Yang3, Juming Lu4, Zhongyan Shan5, Jie Liu6, Haoming Tian7, Qiuhe Ji8, Dalong Zhu9, Jiapu Ge10, Lixiang Lin11, Li Chen12, Xiaohui Guo13, Zhigang Zhao14, Qiang Li15, Jianping Weng16, Weiping Jia17, Zhenqi Liu18, Linong Ji19, Wenying Yang20, Richard D Leslie21, Zhiguang Zhou1,2. 1. Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. 2. Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China. 3. School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China. 4. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China. 5. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 6. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China. 7. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 8. Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. 9. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China. 10. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China. 11. Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China. 12. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China. 13. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. 14. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. 15. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. 16. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China. 17. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai, China. 18. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. 19. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. 20. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. 21. Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
Abstract
AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes (ADM) and predisposition to autoimmune diseases by quantifying serum organ-specific autoantibodies in people with phenotype of type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included a nationally representative sample of 46 239 adults aged ≥20 years from 14 provinces, of whom 4671 had diabetes, plus 1000 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Participants were screened centrally for autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), islet antigen 2 (IA2) and zinc transporter isoform-8 (Znt8) and were defined as having ADM where positive for these antibodies. We then assayed thyroid peroxidase (TPO), tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) autoantibodies in randomly selected participants with ADM and in age-matched, sex-matched and non-ADM controls with T2D plus controls with NGT. RESULTS: Post-normalization, the standardized prevalence rate of ADM was 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3-6.8) in initially non-insulin-requiring participants with ADM, corresponding to six million adults in China, in whom adjusted antibody positivity was: TPO autoantibodies 16.3% (95% CI 10.8-21.8), tTG autoantibodies 2.1% (95% CI 0.0-4.2), and 21-OH autoantibodies 1.8% (95% CI -0.2 to 3.8). Those participants with ADM who were GAD autoantibody-positive had high risk of TPO autoantibody positivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.39, P = 0.0031) and tTG autoantibody positivity (OR 6.98, P = 0.027), while those positive for IA2 autoantibodies had a high risk of tTG autoantibody positivity (OR 19.05, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of people with phenotype of T2D in China have ADM, with diabetes-associated autoantibodies, and may be at risk of developing other organ-specific autoimmune diseases; therefore, it may be clinically relevant to consider screening such Chinese populations.
AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes (ADM) and predisposition to autoimmune diseases by quantifying serum organ-specific autoantibodies in people with phenotype of type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included a nationally representative sample of 46 239 adults aged ≥20 years from 14 provinces, of whom 4671 had diabetes, plus 1000 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Participants were screened centrally for autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), islet antigen 2 (IA2) and zinc transporter isoform-8 (Znt8) and were defined as having ADM where positive for these antibodies. We then assayed thyroid peroxidase (TPO), tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) autoantibodies in randomly selected participants with ADM and in age-matched, sex-matched and non-ADM controls with T2D plus controls with NGT. RESULTS: Post-normalization, the standardized prevalence rate of ADM was 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3-6.8) in initially non-insulin-requiring participants with ADM, corresponding to six million adults in China, in whom adjusted antibody positivity was: TPO autoantibodies 16.3% (95% CI 10.8-21.8), tTG autoantibodies 2.1% (95% CI 0.0-4.2), and 21-OH autoantibodies 1.8% (95% CI -0.2 to 3.8). Those participants with ADM who were GAD autoantibody-positive had high risk of TPO autoantibody positivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.39, P = 0.0031) and tTG autoantibody positivity (OR 6.98, P = 0.027), while those positive for IA2 autoantibodies had a high risk of tTG autoantibody positivity (OR 19.05, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of people with phenotype of T2D in China have ADM, with diabetes-associated autoantibodies, and may be at risk of developing other organ-specific autoimmune diseases; therefore, it may be clinically relevant to consider screening such Chinese populations.
Authors: R David Leslie; Carmella Evans-Molina; Jacquelyn Freund-Brown; Raffaella Buzzetti; Dana Dabelea; Kathleen M Gillespie; Robin Goland; Angus G Jones; Mark Kacher; Lawrence S Phillips; Olov Rolandsson; Jana L Wardian; Jessica L Dunne Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2021-11 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Olov Rolandsson; Christiane S Hampe; Stephen J Sharp; Eva Ardanaz; Heiner Boeing; Guy Fagherazzi; Francesca Romana Mancini; Peter M Nilsson; Kim Overvad; Maria-Dolores Chirlaque; Miren Dorronsoro; Marc J Gunter; Rudolf Kaaks; Timothy J Key; Kay-Tee Khaw; Vittorio Krogh; Tilman Kühn; Domenico Palli; Salvatore Panico; Carlotta Sacerdote; Maria-José Sánchez; Gianluca Severi; Annemieke M W Spijkerman; Rosario Tumino; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Elio Riboli; Nita G Forouhi; Claudia Langenberg; Nicholas J Wareham Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2019-11-11 Impact factor: 10.122