Ortho-Biologics for Ligament Repair and Reconstruction.

Biologics enhance tissue healing by stimulating the recovery processes for restoration of native or near-native tissue in addition to symptom management. The most popular biological modalities currently used include hyaluronic acid, growth factors therapy, platelet-rich plasma, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate. These treatment protocols are thought to facilitate and signal with cells or bioactive factors to improve ligament interventions by enhanced graft incorporation and strength, gene activation, and other mechanisms. Various growth factors regulate and improve cellular activities and proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into fibroblasts in the repair process of torn ligaments.