Neuroprotective potential of exercise preconditioning in stroke.

Stroke is one of leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world with limited availability of therapeutic intervention. Exercise has been shown to improve stroke functional outcome in different preclinical and clinical setup. Exercise preconditioning induced neuroprotection in preclinical stroke models is believed to be mediated through its ability to restore brain vasculature and blood brain barrier integrity, promote neurogenesis, and help fight against neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity. In this short review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of exercise preconditioning described in preclinical stroke studies. We will also discuss the neuroprotective effects of pre-ischemic exercise.