Arit Harvanko1, Stacey Slone2, Brent Shelton3, Jesse Dallery4, Sherecce Fields5, Brady Reynolds6. 1. Center for Tobacco Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. 2. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. 3. Markey Cancer Center and Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 5. Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. 6. Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a critical time when the majority of tobacco users initiate smoking. Contingency management for adolescent smoking cessation has shown promise in previous studies, but efficacy following removal of contingencies is not well understood. This study examined a remote form of contingency management among non-treatment-seeking adolescent smokers. METHODS:Participants (N = 127) submittedbreath carbon monoxide (CO) three times daily throughout a 42-day program. For this randomized trial, participants in the active condition (n = 63) were reinforced for providing CO measurements on schedule and below a set criterion, whereas those in the control condition (n = 64) were reinforced for providing CO measurements on schedule. Self-reported smoking and urinary cotinine levels were collected at several timepoints. RESULTS: Active condition showed greater within-group reductions in CO levels relative to control condition, but not at 3- or 6-month follow-up. Active condition reported significantly less smoking during treatment compared to control condition, but not at follow-up. There were no significant differences for urinary cotinine. Overall treatment adherence was low, with only 37% and 51% of possible CO samples being submitted among active and control, respectively. Poor treatment adherence may explain the disparity between CO and cotinine results, and poor follow-up treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: This study replicates feasibility of a remote form of contingency management for adolescent smoking. CO results suggest active condition reduced smoking within group, but treatment adherence and posttreatment efficacy was poor. Future research should focus on increasing adherence for this type of program among adolescent smokers. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates feasibility of a remote form of contingency management therapy for smoking cessation among adolescents, while providing posttreatment efficacy data. Within-group efficacy of this form of treatment is suggested, but treatment adherence and follow-up efficacy were poor. This study underscores the need for further development of contingency management therapy for adolescent smoking cessation, which emphasizes better treatment adherence and posttreatment efficacy.
RCT Entities:
INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a critical time when the majority of tobacco users initiate smoking. Contingency management for adolescent smoking cessation has shown promise in previous studies, but efficacy following removal of contingencies is not well understood. This study examined a remote form of contingency management among non-treatment-seeking adolescent smokers. METHODS:Participants (N = 127) submitted breath carbon monoxide (CO) three times daily throughout a 42-day program. For this randomized trial, participants in the active condition (n = 63) were reinforced for providing CO measurements on schedule and below a set criterion, whereas those in the control condition (n = 64) were reinforced for providing CO measurements on schedule. Self-reported smoking and urinary cotinine levels were collected at several timepoints. RESULTS: Active condition showed greater within-group reductions in CO levels relative to control condition, but not at 3- or 6-month follow-up. Active condition reported significantly less smoking during treatment compared to control condition, but not at follow-up. There were no significant differences for urinary cotinine. Overall treatment adherence was low, with only 37% and 51% of possible CO samples being submitted among active and control, respectively. Poor treatment adherence may explain the disparity between CO and cotinine results, and poor follow-up treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: This study replicates feasibility of a remote form of contingency management for adolescent smoking. CO results suggest active condition reduced smoking within group, but treatment adherence and posttreatment efficacy was poor. Future research should focus on increasing adherence for this type of program among adolescent smokers. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates feasibility of a remote form of contingency management therapy for smoking cessation among adolescents, while providing posttreatment efficacy data. Within-group efficacy of this form of treatment is suggested, but treatment adherence and follow-up efficacy were poor. This study underscores the need for further development of contingency management therapy for adolescent smoking cessation, which emphasizes better treatment adherence and posttreatment efficacy.
Authors: Johanna M Lewis-Esquerre; Suzanne M Colby; Tracy O'Leary Tevyaw; Cheryl A Eaton; Christopher W Kahler; Peter M Monti Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2005-07 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: William W Stoops; Jesse Dallery; Nell M Fields; Paul A Nuzzo; Nancy E Schoenberg; Catherine A Martin; Baretta Casey; Conrad J Wong Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2009-07-16 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Tushar Singh; René A Arrazola; Catherine G Corey; Corinne G Husten; Linda J Neff; David M Homa; Brian A King Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2016-04-15 Impact factor: 17.586
Authors: Jaimee L Heffner; Noreen L Watson; Jennifer Dahne; Ivana Croghan; Megan M Kelly; Jennifer B McClure; Matthew Bars; Johannes Thrul; Eric Meier Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2021-08-29 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Lara N Coughlin; Erin E Bonar; Maureen A Walton; Anne C Fernandez; Isabelle Duguid; Inbal Nahum-Shani Journal: Front Digit Health Date: 2022-02-28
Authors: Jennifer Dahne; Rachel L Tomko; Erin A McClure; Jihad S Obeid; Matthew J Carpenter Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2020-12-12 Impact factor: 4.244