Ana Alexandra Caldas Osório1,2, Andre Russowsky Brunoni3,4,5,6. 1. Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Developmental Disorders Graduate Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil. 3. University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Laboratory of Neuroscience and National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
AIM: Our aim was to review available studies which test transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to reduce symptom severity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD: We performed a systematic scoping review in PubMed and PsychINFO databases for studies employing tDCS in children and adolescents with ASD. RESULTS: We found five studies (two small randomized controlled studies, one experimental study, one quasi-experimental study, and one case study) reporting positive effects of tDCS in ASD symptom reduction. Study design varied greatly and sample size ranged from 1 to 20 patients. INTERPRETATION: Preliminary evidence is encouraging of the potential usefulness of tDCS for treatment of ASD in children and adolescents. It suggests tentative support for reductions in symptom severity and, according to parental reports and clinical observations, improvements in some aspects of language. However, the evidence is sparse and of low quality, so the true effect of tDCS is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect in this review. Therefore, future randomized controlled trials are needed to draw conclusions regarding tDCS efficacy in paediatric samples with ASD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: There is low confidence in the estimate of effect, but tentatively encouraging results warrant further investigation.
AIM: Our aim was to review available studies which test transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to reduce symptom severity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD: We performed a systematic scoping review in PubMed and PsychINFO databases for studies employing tDCS in children and adolescents with ASD. RESULTS: We found five studies (two small randomized controlled studies, one experimental study, one quasi-experimental study, and one case study) reporting positive effects of tDCS in ASD symptom reduction. Study design varied greatly and sample size ranged from 1 to 20 patients. INTERPRETATION: Preliminary evidence is encouraging of the potential usefulness of tDCS for treatment of ASD in children and adolescents. It suggests tentative support for reductions in symptom severity and, according to parental reports and clinical observations, improvements in some aspects of language. However, the evidence is sparse and of low quality, so the true effect of tDCS is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect in this review. Therefore, future randomized controlled trials are needed to draw conclusions regarding tDCS efficacy in paediatric samples with ASD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: There is low confidence in the estimate of effect, but tentatively encouraging results warrant further investigation.
Authors: Christina Luckhardt; Magdalena Schütz; Andreas Mühlherr; Hannah Mössinger; Sara Boxhoorn; Astrid Dempfle; Ricardo Salvador; Giulio Ruffini; Helena C Pereira; Miguel Castelo-Branco; Marianne Latinus; Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault; Julia Siemann; Michael Siniatchkin; Christine Ecker; Christine M Freitag Journal: Trials Date: 2021-04-06 Impact factor: 2.279
Authors: Jose Antonio Camacho-Conde; Maria Del Rosario Gonzalez-Bermudez; Marta Carretero-Rey; Zafar U Khan Journal: CNS Neurosci Ther Date: 2021-12-03 Impact factor: 5.243