Isolated Orbital Myeloid Sarcoma as a Therapy-related Myeloid Neoplasm.

Therapy-related orbital myeloid sarcoma is very rare (1). A 61-year-old woman was admitted because of protrusion of the right eyeball (Picture 1). Computed tomography revealed a mass lesion in the right orbit that showed the uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose on positron emission tomography (Picture 2). A biopsy of the right orbit mass revealed proliferation of atypical cells that were positive for myeloperoxidase (Picture 3). A bone marrow examination showed neither an increase in blasts nor myelodysplasia. A diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma confined to the right orbit was made. She had a history of ovarian carcinoma treated with irinotecan and cisplatin 10 years earlier, so her disease was classified as therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (2). She received remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (idarubicin plus cytarabine) followed by a consolidation radiotherapy toward the right orbit. After the treatment, the protrusion of the right eyeball was markedly improved (Picture 4).

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The authors state that they have no Conflict of Interest (COI).