Immunocytochemical localization of laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin in rat retinal vessels.

Laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin have been identified as major components of the basement membrane (basal lamina) in various tissues. These antigens have also been identified in retinal vessels by light microscopic immunofluorescence but their precise location could not be determined at this level of resolution. In this study, we examined the localization of these constituents at the ultrastructural level using the protein A-immunoperoxidase technique. The basal lamina of all retinal capillaries, arterioles and venules was immunostained after exposure to antisera against laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin. Staining was localized to the lamina densa, which appeared as a single or double layer. Immunostaining for fibronectin showed the weakest activity. The reaction was also seen in discrete patches between endothelial cells and pericytes. The inner limiting membrane of the retina was also reactive for laminin and type IV collagen but not for fibronectin. The results indicate that laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin are components of the basal lamina in all types of retinal vessels. The presence of fibronectin at the endothelial-pericyte interface suggests that this protein may promote adhesion between cells and thus help to maintain the integrity of the vessel wall.