Bahareh Fouladi1, Hitesh Joshi1, Heather Edgell2,3. 1. School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, 355 Bethune College, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada. 2. School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, 355 Bethune College, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada. edgell@yorku.ca. 3. Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. edgell@yorku.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Women display an attenuated mechanoreflex during leg movement; however, sex differences in the response to arm movement are unknown. METHODS: Men (n = 12) and women (n = 10) performed passive arm or leg movement where either the right elbow or right knee was passively flexed/extended for 3 min at 30 times/min. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output index (Qi), and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured and 1-min averages along with peak values were obtained. Heart rate variability was measured at baseline and throughout 3 min of passive movement. RESULTS: Men had a greater average HR (P = 0.006) and Qi (P = 0.05) responses to passive limb movement compared to women. Men also had a greater (P = 0.02) and faster (P = 0.04) peak Qi response compared to women. During arm movement, men exhibited a greater change of average MAP compared to both women (P = 0.002) and leg movement (P = 0.05). Movement of either limb in both sexes decreased low-frequency power (LF; P = 0.04), decreased low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (LF/HF; P = 0.03), and increased high-frequency power (HF; P = 0.01) of heart rate variability. Women had lower pulse wave velocity (P = 0.02), higher root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD; P = 0.04), lower LF power (P = 0.04), higher HF power (P = 0.03), and higher cardiovagal baroreceptor sensitivity (P = 0.003) compared to men at all time points. CONCLUSIONS: We have found sex- and limb-dependent responses where men exhibit higher blood pressure in response to passive arm movement compared to women and compared to leg movement.
PURPOSE:Women display an attenuated mechanoreflex during leg movement; however, sex differences in the response to arm movement are unknown. METHODS:Men (n = 12) and women (n = 10) performed passive arm or leg movement where either the right elbow or right knee was passively flexed/extended for 3 min at 30 times/min. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output index (Qi), and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured and 1-min averages along with peak values were obtained. Heart rate variability was measured at baseline and throughout 3 min of passive movement. RESULTS:Men had a greater average HR (P = 0.006) and Qi (P = 0.05) responses to passive limb movement compared to women. Men also had a greater (P = 0.02) and faster (P = 0.04) peak Qi response compared to women. During arm movement, men exhibited a greater change of average MAP compared to both women (P = 0.002) and leg movement (P = 0.05). Movement of either limb in both sexes decreased low-frequency power (LF; P = 0.04), decreased low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (LF/HF; P = 0.03), and increased high-frequency power (HF; P = 0.01) of heart rate variability. Women had lower pulse wave velocity (P = 0.02), higher root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD; P = 0.04), lower LF power (P = 0.04), higher HF power (P = 0.03), and higher cardiovagal baroreceptor sensitivity (P = 0.003) compared to men at all time points. CONCLUSIONS: We have found sex- and limb-dependent responses where men exhibit higher blood pressure in response to passive arm movement compared to women and compared to leg movement.
Authors: Elisabeth Veiz; Susann-Kristin Kieslich; Julia Staab; Dirk Czesnik; Christoph Herrmann-Lingen; Thomas Meyer Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-10-25 Impact factor: 3.390