Five different chitin nanomaterials from identical source with different advantageous functions and performances.

Chitin is a renewable and sustainable biomass material that can be converted into various one-dimensional crystalline nanomaterials different in 1) length, 2) diameter, 3) charge density, 4) type of charge, and 5) crystallinity via diverse top-down synthetic methods. These nanomaterials have great potential as sustainable reinforcing and biologically functional materials. The proper design of chitin nanomaterials maximizes their performances in specific applications. Extensive efforts are devoted to understanding each type of chitin nanomaterial produced from different chitin sources; however, few studies have compared different chitin nanomaterials. Herein, we synthesize five different types of chitin nanomaterials from identical sources and compare their physical and chemical properties, including suitability for assorted purposes. Factors 1)-5) are discussed regarding their dominance in determining functionality depending on the specific goals of a) gas barriers, b) mechanical reinforcements, c) dispersibility in various pH aqueous buffers, d) thermal dimensional stability, and e) antibacterial activity. This study gives insights to design new chitin nanomaterial-based materials.