Metabolism and mutual biotransformations of anthraquinones and anthrones in rhubarb by human intestinal flora using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

Anthraquinones and anthrones are the main active components of rhubarb. To investigate the metabolism and possible mutual biotransformations pathways of anthraquinones and anthrones by human intestinal flora, 9 representative constituents (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, sennosides A, B, C and D) were studied. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) with mass spectrometryElevated Energy (MSE) technology was employed to separate and identify their metabolites. As a result, a total of 64 metabolites were identified or characterized from 9 components. Among them, 12 of them were identified by compared with the reference substances, 52 of them were tentatively identified. The results indicated that reduction, hydrolysis, acetylation, oxidation, demethylation, methylation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation and the bond cleavage of CO and CC were likely to be the metabolic pathways involved in the generation of these metabolites. Moreover, mutual biotransformations existed among the nine representative constituents in rhubarb by human intestinal flora. This study will provide evidences that intestinal flora may play an important role in mediating the bioactivities in vivo of anthraquinones and anthrones in rhubarb.