Maternal eicosapentaenoic acid feeding promotes placental angiogenesis through a Sirtuin-1 independent inflammatory pathway.

Maternal overnutrition or obesity is associated with a wide range of metabolic disorders and may impair placental angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) promote fetal growth in both rodents and humans. Whether n-3 PUFA impacts on placental angiogenesis in vivo remains unclear. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a protein deacetylase that plays an important role in regulating inflammation and endothelial function. Little information is available on a putative role of SIRT1 in placental angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to examine the capability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to regulate angiogenesis and inflammation in SIRT1-deficient placentas. In the present study, male and female SIRT1+/- mice were mated overnight, then primiparous SIRT1+/- mice were fed a 60% kcal HFD or equienergy EPA diet (4.4% EPA-ethyl ester). We found that the EPA diet significantly improved maternal insulin sensitivity and decreased plasma levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNFα concentration. Moreover, EPA treatment promoted fetus growth and placental angiogenesis, and inhibited the hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF1α) pathway. SIRT1 deficiency exhibited an opposite effect, leading to decrease in placental angiogenesis and fetal weight. No significant effect was observed between diet and genotype. Here, we reported for the first time that EPA treatment increased the expression of placental inflammatory genes and promoted translocation of NFκB into the nucleus. On the contrary, SIRT1-deficient placentas showed a decreased inflammation state. Together, these data demonstrate a previously unknown role of EPA to promote placental angiogenesis through a SIRT1 independent inflammatory pathway.