Maternal Social and Economic Factors and Infant Morbidity, Mortality, and Congenital Anomaly: Are There Associations?

Experiences during infancy create durable and heritable patterns of social deprivation and illness producing health disparities. This retrospective cohort study of 71 836 infants from Winnipeg, Manitoba, assessed associations between maternal social and economic factors and infant mortality, morbidity, and congenital anomaly. This study found that newborn and postneonatal hospital readmissions are inversely associated with geography. Additionally, social context, including maternal history of child abuse, is associated with infant postneonatal hospital readmissions. Geography and education are associated with infant mortality. Income was not associated with infant mortality or morbidity following adjustment for social support. Interestingly, congenital anomaly rates are 1.2 times more common among 2 parent families and male infants. Understanding associations between infant health and maternal social and economic factors may contribute to interventions and policies to improve health equity.