Nansi S Boghossian1, Marco Geraci2, Erika M Edwards3,4,5, Jeffrey D Horbar3,5. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; nboghoss@mailbox.sc.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. 3. Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont; and. 4. Departments of Mathematics and Statistics and. 5. Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether changes in mortality and morbidities have benefited male more than female infants. METHODS: Infants of gestational ages 22 to 29 weeks born between January 2006 and December 2016 at a Vermont Oxford Network center in the United States were studied. We examined mortality and morbidity rate differences and 95% confidence intervals by sex and birth year. We tested temporal differences in mortality and morbidity rates between boys and girls by means of a likelihood ratio test (LRT) on nested binomial regression models with log links. RESULTS: A total of 205 750 infants were studied; 97 048 (47.2%) infants were girls. The rate for mortality and chronic lung disease decreased over time faster for boys than for girls (LRT P < .001 for mortality; P = .006 for lung disease). Restricting to centers that remained throughout the entire study period did not change all the above but additionally revealed a significant year-sex interaction for respiratory distress syndrome, with a faster decline among boys (LRT P = .04). Morbidities, including patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, severe retinopathy of prematurity, and pneumothorax, revealed a constant rate difference between boys and girls over time. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with girls, male infants born at <30 weeks' gestation experienced faster declines in mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic lung disease over an 11-year period. Future research should investigate which causes of death declined among boys and whether their improved survival has been accompanied by a change in their neurodevelopmental impairment rate.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether changes in mortality and morbidities have benefited male more than female infants. METHODS:Infants of gestational ages 22 to 29 weeks born between January 2006 and December 2016 at a Vermont Oxford Network center in the United States were studied. We examined mortality and morbidity rate differences and 95% confidence intervals by sex and birth year. We tested temporal differences in mortality and morbidity rates between boys and girls by means of a likelihood ratio test (LRT) on nested binomial regression models with log links. RESULTS: A total of 205 750 infants were studied; 97 048 (47.2%) infants were girls. The rate for mortality and chronic lung disease decreased over time faster for boys than for girls (LRT P < .001 for mortality; P = .006 for lung disease). Restricting to centers that remained throughout the entire study period did not change all the above but additionally revealed a significant year-sex interaction for respiratory distress syndrome, with a faster decline among boys (LRT P = .04). Morbidities, including patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, severe retinopathy of prematurity, and pneumothorax, revealed a constant rate difference between boys and girls over time. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with girls, male infants born at <30 weeks' gestation experienced faster declines in mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic lung disease over an 11-year period. Future research should investigate which causes of death declined among boys and whether their improved survival has been accompanied by a change in their neurodevelopmental impairment rate.
Authors: Nansi S Boghossian; Marco Geraci; Scott A Lorch; Ciaran S Phibbs; Erika M Edwards; Jeffrey D Horbar Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2019-08-12 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Megan E Paulsen; Sarah Jane Brown; Katherine M Satrom; Johannah M Scheurer; Sara E Ramel; Raghavendra B Rao Journal: Neonatology Date: 2021-08-19 Impact factor: 5.106
Authors: Zhi-Wen Su; Li-Li Lin; Bi-Jun Shi; Xiao-Xia Huang; Jian-Wei Wei; Chun-Hong Jia; Fan Wu; Qi-Liang Cui Journal: Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi Date: 2022-05-15