Giorgio Mattei1,2, Barbara Pistoresi3, Roberto De Vogli4. 1. "Marco Biagi" Department of Economics and Marco Biagi Foundation, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via J. Berengario, 51, 41121, Modena, Italy. 2. Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi, 287, 41125, Modena, Italy. 3. Department of Economics, RECent, Center for Economic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emila, Viale Berengario 51, 41121, Modena, Italy. barbara.pistoresi@unimore.it. 4. Department of Social Psychology and Development and Human Rights Centre, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 12, 35131, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To analyze the association between unemployment and suicide in Italy during the years 1990-2014, with a peculiar focus on the great recession (GR) and the role played by social protection as buffering mechanism against the negative effect on health outcomes. METHODS: Fixed effects panel regressions were used to assess the association between changes in unemployment rate and suicide rates. Additional models investigated the role of active labor market programs (ALMPs) as possible moderators of the association. Analyses were carried out for both males and females, stratified by age and region. RESULTS: The negative time-trend displayed by suicide rate in Italy until 2007 was slowed down by changes in unemployment at the beginning of the GR, when this trend reversed and the rate of suicide started increasing. Male workers aged 25-64 and women aged 55-64 years were affected by both "normal" unemployment rate fluctuations as well as severe economic crises. Women aged 35-44 were only influenced by the latter. Men benefit from ALMPs mainly in Central Italy, while women did not benefit significantly from ALMPs. CONCLUSIONS: In Italy, economic downturns were associated with increased suicides mainly among men, while severe economic crises were associated with increased suicides among both men and women. ALMPs showed to be effective in moderating the association between unemployment and suicide among men aged 45-54 only in Central Italy. The overall small effectiveness of such programs may be due to lack of sufficient funding.
PURPOSE: To analyze the association between unemployment and suicide in Italy during the years 1990-2014, with a peculiar focus on the great recession (GR) and the role played by social protection as buffering mechanism against the negative effect on health outcomes. METHODS: Fixed effects panel regressions were used to assess the association between changes in unemployment rate and suicide rates. Additional models investigated the role of active labor market programs (ALMPs) as possible moderators of the association. Analyses were carried out for both males and females, stratified by age and region. RESULTS: The negative time-trend displayed by suicide rate in Italy until 2007 was slowed down by changes in unemployment at the beginning of the GR, when this trend reversed and the rate of suicide started increasing. Male workers aged 25-64 and women aged 55-64 years were affected by both "normal" unemployment rate fluctuations as well as severe economic crises. Women aged 35-44 were only influenced by the latter. Men benefit from ALMPs mainly in Central Italy, while women did not benefit significantly from ALMPs. CONCLUSIONS: In Italy, economic downturns were associated with increased suicides mainly among men, while severe economic crises were associated with increased suicides among both men and women. ALMPs showed to be effective in moderating the association between unemployment and suicide among men aged 45-54 only in Central Italy. The overall small effectiveness of such programs may be due to lack of sufficient funding.
Authors: Gema Castillo-Sánchez; Mario Jojoa Acosta; Begonya Garcia-Zapirain; Isabel De la Torre; Manuel Franco-Martín Journal: Int J Ment Health Addict Date: 2022-07-18 Impact factor: 11.555
Authors: Misaki Nakamoto; Takatoshi Nakagawa; Masahiko Murata; Motohiro Okada Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-25 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Susanne Mayer; Michael Berger; Alexander Konnopka; Valentin Brodszky; Silvia M A A Evers; Leona Hakkaart-van Roijen; Mencia R Guitérrez-Colosia; Luis Salvador-Carulla; A-La Park; William Hollingworth; Lidia García-Pérez; Judit Simon Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-03-16 Impact factor: 3.390