Laia Raigal-Aran1, Carme Ferré-Grau2, Angel Belzunegui-Eraso3. 1. Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: laia.raigal@urv.cat. 2. Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: carme.ferre@urv.cat. 3. History and Art History Department, Faculty of Arts, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain. Electronic address: angel.belzunegui@urv.cat.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cultural competence (CC) is becoming an essential component of healthcare professionals. There is a gap in the research evaluating CC in order to develop competency-based approach programs. Spain has become a multicultural society and it is necessary to evaluate and promote CC attitudes to reduce the disparity of care for vulnerable and minority groups. OBJECTIVES: To adapt and validate the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA) of Schim et al. (2003), to get evidence-based data of CC in Spanish healthcare professionals. METHOD: A process of translation/back-translation and cultural adaptation was carried out in accordance with international standards. An on-line cross-sectional survey questionnaire was used. Statistical and metrical analysis was based in a sample of 568 healthcare professionals who worked daily with patients in a health care institution in South Catalonia in 2018. RESULTS: The results of the exploratory factorial analysis and subsequent confirmatory analysis showed that the data had an adequate fit for a four-factor model. The reliability analysis results confirm an acceptable consistency for each subscale: active behaviour (0.86), seeking information (0.86), awareness (0,94), and sensitivity (0.69). ANOVA showed no differences between healthcare professionals, age and gender. The scores showed a normal distribution and it was proposed a standardization of scores. CONCLUSIONS: The translation and transcultural-validation process of the CCA resulted in a Spanish-language for the 25 items, like the original. The psychometric analysis proved that the Spanish version is a reliable and valid instrument. This scale is going to be useful to analyze healthcare professional's attitudes to create effectiveness training programs focused on specific needs. The four-factor model and the standardization of the scores will be useful to achieve future objectives about research in cultural competence in healthcare professionals.
BACKGROUND: Cultural competence (CC) is becoming an essential component of healthcare professionals. There is a gap in the research evaluating CC in order to develop competency-based approach programs. Spain has become a multicultural society and it is necessary to evaluate and promote CC attitudes to reduce the disparity of care for vulnerable and minority groups. OBJECTIVES: To adapt and validate the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA) of Schim et al. (2003), to get evidence-based data of CC in Spanish healthcare professionals. METHOD: A process of translation/back-translation and cultural adaptation was carried out in accordance with international standards. An on-line cross-sectional survey questionnaire was used. Statistical and metrical analysis was based in a sample of 568 healthcare professionals who worked daily with patients in a health care institution in South Catalonia in 2018. RESULTS: The results of the exploratory factorial analysis and subsequent confirmatory analysis showed that the data had an adequate fit for a four-factor model. The reliability analysis results confirm an acceptable consistency for each subscale: active behaviour (0.86), seeking information (0.86), awareness (0,94), and sensitivity (0.69). ANOVA showed no differences between healthcare professionals, age and gender. The scores showed a normal distribution and it was proposed a standardization of scores. CONCLUSIONS: The translation and transcultural-validation process of the CCA resulted in a Spanish-language for the 25 items, like the original. The psychometric analysis proved that the Spanish version is a reliable and valid instrument. This scale is going to be useful to analyze healthcare professional's attitudes to create effectiveness training programs focused on specific needs. The four-factor model and the standardization of the scores will be useful to achieve future objectives about research in cultural competence in healthcare professionals.