Sina Kianoush1, Andrew P DeFilippis2, Carlos J Rodriguez3, Mahmoud Al Rifai4, Emelia J Benjamin5, Michael E Hall6, Pamela Ouyang7, Matthew A Allison8, Michael J Blaha9. 1. Yale University, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT. 2. University of Louisville, Department of Medicine, Louisville, KY. 3. Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC. 4. University of Kansas School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wichita, KS. 5. Boston University, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA. 6. University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Jackson, MS. 7. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 8. University of California-San Diego, Department of Family Medicine / Public Health, La Jolla, CA. 9. Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD.
Abstract
Objective: Smoking is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor associated with weight loss. We aimed to evaluate the association between smoking, serum leptin levels, and abdominal fat. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Data from examinations 2 or 3 (2002-2005) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Participants: 1,875 asymptomatic, community-dwelling adults. Main Outcome Measures: We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the race/ethnicity-specific associations between smoking, serum logeleptin levels, and computed tomography ascertained abdominal fat. Results were adjusted for demographic and relevantclinical covariates. Results: Participants (mean age 64.5±9.6 years; 50.6% women; 42.2% former, 11.4% current smokers) were White (40.1%), Hispanic (25.8%), African American (21.1%), and Chinese (13.0%). Overall, median (25th - 75th percentile) leptin levels were significantly lower among current (11.14 ng/mL; 4.13 - 26.18) and former smokers (11.68 ng/mL; 4.72 - 27.57), as compared with never smokers (15.61 ng/mL; 3.05 - 30.12) (P<.001). The difference in median leptin levels between current and never smokers were significantly higher for Hispanics (Δ9.64 ng/mL) and African Americans (Δ8.81 ng/mL) than Whites (Δ2.10 ng/mL) and Chinese (Δ4.70 ng/mL) (P<.001). After adjustment for total abdominal fat, loge-leptin levels remained lower for former (-.14 [-.22 - -.07]) and current (-.17 [-.28 - -.05]) smokers, compared with never smokers. Results differed by race/ethnicity, with significantly lower loge-leptin levels observed only among current and former African Americans and Hispanic smokers, compared with their never smoker counterparts. (Ps for interaction <.05). Conclusions: Among smokers, leptin levels significantly vary by race/ethnicity. Former and current smoking are associated with lower leptin levels, although this may be restricted to Hispanics and African Americans.
Objective: Smoking is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor associated with weight loss. We aimed to evaluate the association between smoking, serum leptin levels, and abdominal fat. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Data from examinations 2 or 3 (2002-2005) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Participants: 1,875 asymptomatic, community-dwelling adults. Main Outcome Measures: We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the race/ethnicity-specific associations between smoking, serum logeleptin levels, and computed tomography ascertained abdominal fat. Results were adjusted for demographic and relevantclinical covariates. Results:Participants (mean age 64.5±9.6 years; 50.6% women; 42.2% former, 11.4% current smokers) were White (40.1%), Hispanic (25.8%), African American (21.1%), and Chinese (13.0%). Overall, median (25th - 75th percentile) leptin levels were significantly lower among current (11.14 ng/mL; 4.13 - 26.18) and former smokers (11.68 ng/mL; 4.72 - 27.57), as compared with never smokers (15.61 ng/mL; 3.05 - 30.12) (P<.001). The difference in median leptin levels between current and never smokers were significantly higher for Hispanics (Δ9.64 ng/mL) and African Americans (Δ8.81 ng/mL) than Whites (Δ2.10 ng/mL) and Chinese (Δ4.70 ng/mL) (P<.001). After adjustment for total abdominal fat, loge-leptin levels remained lower for former (-.14 [-.22 - -.07]) and current (-.17 [-.28 - -.05]) smokers, compared with never smokers. Results differed by race/ethnicity, with significantly lower loge-leptin levels observed only among current and former African Americans and Hispanic smokers, compared with their never smoker counterparts. (Ps for interaction <.05). Conclusions: Among smokers, leptin levels significantly vary by race/ethnicity. Former and current smoking are associated with lower leptin levels, although this may be restricted to Hispanics and African Americans.
Entities:
Keywords:
Abdominal Fat; Adipokines; Body Weight; Leptin; Smoking
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