Zoi Toumpakari1, Kate Tilling2, Anne M Haase1, Laura Johnson1. 1. 1Centre for Exercise,Nutrition and Health Sciences,School for Policy Studies,University of Bristol,8 Priory Road,BristolBS8 1TZ,UK. 2. 2School of Social and Community Medicine,University of Bristol,Bristol,UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Interventions to reduce adolescents' non-core food intake (i.e. foods high in fat and sugar) could target specific people or specific environments, but the relative importance of environmental contexts v. individual characteristics is unknown. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Data from 4d food diaries in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008-2012 were analysed. NDNS food items were classified as 'non-core' based on fat and sugar cut-off points per 100g of food. Linear multilevel models investigated associations between 'where' (home, school, etc.) and 'with whom' (parents, friends, etc.) eating contexts and non-core food energy (kcal) per eating occasion (EO), adjusting for variables at the EO (e.g. time of day) and adolescent level (e.g. gender).ParticipantsAdolescents (n 884) aged 11-18 years. RESULTS: Only 11 % of variation in non-core energy intake was attributed to differences between adolescents. In adjusted models, non-core food intake was 151 % higher (ratio; 95 % CI) in EO at 'Eateries' (2·51; 2·14, 2·95) and 88 % higher at 'School' (1·88; 1·65, 2·13) compared with 'Home'. EO with 'Friends' (1·16; CI 1·03, 1·31) and 'Family & friends' (1·21; 1·07, 1·37) contained 16-21 % more non-core food compared with eating 'Alone'. At the individual level, total energy intake and BMI, but not social class, gender or age, were weakly associated with more non-core energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of individual characteristics, adolescents' non-core food consumption was higher outside the home, especially at eateries. Targeting specific eating contexts, not individuals, may contribute to more effective public health interventions.
OBJECTIVE: Interventions to reduce adolescents' non-core food intake (i.e. foods high in fat and sugar) could target specific people or specific environments, but the relative importance of environmental contexts v. individual characteristics is unknown. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Data from 4d food diaries in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008-2012 were analysed. NDNS food items were classified as 'non-core' based on fat and sugar cut-off points per 100g of food. Linear multilevel models investigated associations between 'where' (home, school, etc.) and 'with whom' (parents, friends, etc.) eating contexts and non-core food energy (kcal) per eating occasion (EO), adjusting for variables at the EO (e.g. time of day) and adolescent level (e.g. gender).ParticipantsAdolescents (n 884) aged 11-18 years. RESULTS: Only 11 % of variation in non-core energy intake was attributed to differences between adolescents. In adjusted models, non-core food intake was 151 % higher (ratio; 95 % CI) in EO at 'Eateries' (2·51; 2·14, 2·95) and 88 % higher at 'School' (1·88; 1·65, 2·13) compared with 'Home'. EO with 'Friends' (1·16; CI 1·03, 1·31) and 'Family & friends' (1·21; 1·07, 1·37) contained 16-21 % more non-core food compared with eating 'Alone'. At the individual level, total energy intake and BMI, but not social class, gender or age, were weakly associated with more non-core energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of individual characteristics, adolescents' non-core food consumption was higher outside the home, especially at eateries. Targeting specific eating contexts, not individuals, may contribute to more effective public health interventions.
Authors: Jinan Banna; Rickelle Richards; Blake Jones; Alex Kojo Anderson; Marla Reicks; Mary Cluskey; Carolyn Gunther; Nobuko Kay Hongu; Karina Lora; Scottie Misner; Lillie Monroe-Lord; Glade Topham; Siew Sun Wong; Eunjung Lim Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-02-05 Impact factor: 3.390