Gema Fernandez-Juarez1, Javier Villacorta Perez2, Fernando Caravaca-Fontán3, Luis Quintana4, Amir Shabaka5, Eva Rodriguez6, Liliana Gadola7, Alberto de Lorenzo8, Maria Angeles Cobo9, Aniana Oliet10, Milagros Sierra11, Carmen Cobelo12, Elena Iglesias13, Miguel Blasco4, Cristina Galeano14, Alfredo Cordon2, Jesus Oliva15, Manuel Praga3. 1. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Fundación de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; gmfernandez@fhalcorcon.es. 2. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Fundación de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. 3. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. 4. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 5. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. 6. Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. 7. Hospital de Clínicas Nefrología y Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina- UDeLaR, Universidad de la República Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. 8. Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Getafe, Madrid, Spain. 9. Department of Nephrology Hospital Universitario General de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. 10. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain. 11. Department of Nephrology, Hospital San Pedro, La Rioja, Spain. 12. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Lugus Ausguti, Lugo, Spain. 13. Department of Nephrology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Orense, Orense, Spain. 14. Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; and. 15. CentroNacional de Epidemilogía, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis represents an emerging cause of acute kidney disease, especially among polymedicated elderly patients. Although corticosteroids are frequently used, controversy exists about the timing of initiation, efficacy, safety, and duration of treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We performed a retrospective study of 182 patients with biopsy-proven drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis from 13 Spanish centers. Exposure was defined as the length of corticosteroid treatment. The main outcome was the level of serum creatinine at month 6, with respect to baseline values. RESULTS: The most common offending agents were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (27%). In 30% of patients, the offending drug could not be identified. The median time to suspected drug withdrawal was 11 days (interquartile range, 5-22). All patients presented with acute kidney disease and were treated with corticosteroids. The mean initial dose of prednisone was 0.8±0.2 mg/kg per day. High-dose corticosteroid treatment was maintained for 2 weeks (interquartile range, 1-4). After 6 months, the mean recovered GFR was 34±26 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ten patients required maintenance dialysis. Use of high-dose corticosteroids for 3 weeks or treatment duration >8 weeks were not associated with better recovery of kidney function. In the multivariable analysis, delayed onset of steroid treatment (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.04) and the presence of interstitial fibrosis of >50% on the kidney biopsy specimen (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 27.4) were both associated with serum creatinine level at month 6 of >75%, with respect to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose corticosteroid treatment for 3 weeks or prolonged treatment for >8 weeks were not associated with greater kidney function recovery in drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. A delay in the initiation of corticosteroids resulted in worse recovery of kidney function.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis represents an emerging cause of acute kidney disease, especially among polymedicated elderly patients. Although corticosteroids are frequently used, controversy exists about the timing of initiation, efficacy, safety, and duration of treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We performed a retrospective study of 182 patients with biopsy-proven drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis from 13 Spanish centers. Exposure was defined as the length of corticosteroid treatment. The main outcome was the level of serum creatinine at month 6, with respect to baseline values. RESULTS: The most common offending agents were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (27%). In 30% of patients, the offending drug could not be identified. The median time to suspected drug withdrawal was 11 days (interquartile range, 5-22). All patients presented with acute kidney disease and were treated with corticosteroids. The mean initial dose of prednisone was 0.8±0.2 mg/kg per day. High-dose corticosteroid treatment was maintained for 2 weeks (interquartile range, 1-4). After 6 months, the mean recovered GFR was 34±26 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ten patients required maintenance dialysis. Use of high-dose corticosteroids for 3 weeks or treatment duration >8 weeks were not associated with better recovery of kidney function. In the multivariable analysis, delayed onset of steroid treatment (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.04) and the presence of interstitial fibrosis of >50% on the kidney biopsy specimen (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 27.4) were both associated with serum creatinine level at month 6 of >75%, with respect to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose corticosteroid treatment for 3 weeks or prolonged treatment for >8 weeks were not associated with greater kidney function recovery in drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. A delay in the initiation of corticosteroids resulted in worse recovery of kidney function.
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