In vivo therapeutic efficacy of the Allium sativum ME in experimentally Echinococcus granulosus infected mice.

Plant-based anthelmintics suggest an alternative treatment for cystic echinococcosis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of methanolic extract (ME) of A. sativum (garlic) on the treatment of hydatid cysts in the murine model. After gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of prepared ME, sixty laboratory BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally by injection of 1500 viable protoscoleces. Five months after infection, the infected mice were allocated into six treatment groups, 1- Albendazole (100 mg/kg); 2- Allium sativum ME (10 mL/L); 3- A. sativum ME (20 mL/L); 4- A. sativum ME (40 mL/L); 5- A. sativum ME (80 mL/L) and 6- untreated control group. After 30 days of daily treatment, the total number of cysts, size and weight of the largest cyst were significantly lower in three treated groups including A. sativum ME 80 mL/L, A. sativum ME 40 mL /L and albendazole in comparison to those of the control group (p < 0.05). The activity of alanine amino transferase (ALT) enzyme, as well as bilirubin concentration were significantly lower in the mice treated with A. sativum ME 80, 40, 20 and 10 mL/L when compared to the control group. In addition, bilirubin concentration revealed significant decrease in A. sativum ME 10, 20 and 80 mL/L groups, when compared to the albendazole group. In conclusions, administration of A. sativum ME used at 40 and 80 mL/L concentrations might be beneficial in the treatment of CE due to anti-parasitic effects similar to albendazole but less hepatotoxic effects.