This issue of the International Neurourology Journal presented a special issue on the causes and treatments of neurological diseases considered as incurable diseases in modern medicine and science. It would be better if more articles could be included in the issue, however, the updated underlying mechanisms and suggestable treatments of major neurological diseases were supplied.Hussaini and Jang [1] reviewed the role of astrocyte, which has recently gained attention, in the onset of neurological diseases, while Lee et al. [2] presented and discussed presynaptic dysfunction as a cause of Parkinson disease. In addition, BubR1insufficiency was suggested as the cause of affective behavior and memory impairments [3].Treatment modalities for neurological diseases include stem cells, drugs, or alternative and complementary treatments such as exercise. Lim et al. [4] used human turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the brain stroke. Among the diverse actions of dexmedetomidine, the possibility of treatment for depression by sleep deprivation was studied [5]. The effect of treadmill running on Purkinje cell loss in Parkinson disease [6] and the mechanism of treadmill exercise to overcome short-term memory impairments in cerebral palsy were also suggested [7].As can be seen in the poster topic “Knowing Brain Healing Brain,” of an academic society, many studies are being done to overcome brain diseases. Management of neurological diseases is important because it affects the quality of life and survival of patients, furthermore, neurological diseases also cause secondary peripheral diseases including urological diseases.For this reason, the International Neurourology Journal published a special issue for neurological diseases to achieve a fundamental approach for urologic diseases. I would like to thank the authors for contributing valuable articles and hope that this chance will provide a new perspective in the urology field.