Oncology in nephrology comes of age: A focus on chronic dialysis patients.

Dialysis is the commonest modality of renal replacement therapy for patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease. Different registry studies showed that the risks of overall cancer occurrence were significantly higher in chronic dialysis patients than in the age-matched general population. However, the frequency and pattern of different cancers may vary among different geographical areas. Since chronic dialysis patients tend to have multiple comorbidities and a shorter life expectancy, routine cancer screening in all dialysis patients may not be cost-effective; rather screening should be personalized according to the patient's expected survival, candidacy for kidney transplant together with patient preferences.