Shintaro Narita1, Taketoshi Nara2, Sohei Kanda2, Kazuyuki Numakura2, Mitsuru Saito2, Takamitsu Inoue3, Shigeru Satoh2, Hiroshi Nanjo4, Norihiko Tsuchiya5, Koji Mitsuzuka6, Takuya Koie7, Sadafumi Kawamura8, Chikara Ohyama7, Tatsuo Tochigi8, Yoichi Arai6, Tomonori Habuchi3. 1. Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group (MJUCSG). Electronic address: nari6202@gipc.akita-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. 3. Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group (MJUCSG). 4. Department of Pathology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. 5. Department of Urology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group (MJUCSG). 6. Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group (MJUCSG). 7. Department of Urology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan; Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group (MJUCSG). 8. Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan; Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group (MJUCSG).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To investigate the clinical outcomes in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) before radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our NCHT protocol involved complete androgen blockade followed by 6 cycles of docetaxel (30 mg/m2) plus estramustine phosphate (560 mg). NCHT was provided to 60 patients with PCa before RP, and we compared the clinical and pathologic outcomes with those of 349 patients with high-risk PCa who underwent RP alone using propensity score matching. The data for those who underwent RP alone were obtained from the Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group database. RESULTS: In the NCHT group, 10.0% experienced pathologic complete response, 3.3% had positive surgical margins, and 13.3% developed severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher) after RP. The median follow-up duration was 42.5 months, and the 5-year biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival was 60.1%. In multivariate analysis, pN+ was an independent prognostic factor for BCR (hazard ratio = 5.251, 95%CI 1.300-21.201; P = .020). In propensity score matching, the BCR rate in the NCHT group was significantly lower than that in the RP alone group (P = .021). In subgroup analyses, the BCR rate in patients with a single high-risk factor was significantly lower in the NCHT group than in the RP-alone group (P = .027). CONCLUSION: NCHT before RP can reduce the risk of BCR in patients with high-risk PCa, particularly if a single high-risk factor is present. However, the potential for perioperative complications should be considered.
BACKGROUND: To investigate the clinical outcomes in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) before radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our NCHT protocol involved complete androgen blockade followed by 6 cycles of docetaxel (30 mg/m2) plus estramustine phosphate (560 mg). NCHT was provided to 60 patients with PCa before RP, and we compared the clinical and pathologic outcomes with those of 349 patients with high-risk PCa who underwent RP alone using propensity score matching. The data for those who underwent RP alone were obtained from the Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group database. RESULTS: In the NCHT group, 10.0% experienced pathologic complete response, 3.3% had positive surgical margins, and 13.3% developed severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher) after RP. The median follow-up duration was 42.5 months, and the 5-year biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival was 60.1%. In multivariate analysis, pN+ was an independent prognostic factor for BCR (hazard ratio = 5.251, 95%CI 1.300-21.201; P = .020). In propensity score matching, the BCR rate in the NCHT group was significantly lower than that in the RP alone group (P = .021). In subgroup analyses, the BCR rate in patients with a single high-risk factor was significantly lower in the NCHT group than in the RP-alone group (P = .027). CONCLUSION: NCHT before RP can reduce the risk of BCR in patients with high-risk PCa, particularly if a single high-risk factor is present. However, the potential for perioperative complications should be considered.