When research leads to learning, but not action in high performance sport.

Research from sports science and related clinical and scientific fields produces knowledge that is often highly relevant to high performance sport. However, there exists a gap between current science and applied coaching or sports science practice. Addressing, and bridging, this gap from both sides of the research-application divide is an important ambition. In this commentary we discuss the wonderful, yet often unforgiving challenge of improving athlete performance as a practitioner or coach in high performance sport. Blending existing knowledge (that which we know works), transferable knowledge (that which has worked elsewhere), anecdotal observations (that which we have seen work) and innovation (where the risk: reward ratio of it working at all is high), to find the right solution, at the right time, for the specific (and often unique) individual is the challenging "art" of application. Here we explore this challenge related to the high performance sports system and the people within it, then more specifically to coaching and learning, and finally to practitioners and athletes using a case study example of applying sleep science to the high performance environment.