S J Macdonald1, J Nixon2, L Deacon3. 1. School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Education and Society, University of Sunderland, The Reg Vardy Centre, St Peter's Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD, UK. Electronic address: stephen.j.macdonald@sunderland.ac.uk. 2. People Services Directorate - Public Health, Sunderland Civic Centre, Burdon Road, Sunderland City Council, UK. Electronic address: Jackie.Nixon@sunderland.gov.uk. 3. Applied Social Studies/Social Work, Faculty of Education and Society, The Reg Vardy Centre, St Peter's Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD, UK. Electronic address: lesley.deacon@sunderland.ac.uk.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to discover whether lower socio-economic status is associated with increased experiences of loneliness and isolation. The research subsequently determined whether this relationship impacted health inequalities. STUDY DESIGN: The study used a cross-sectional, self-reported survey collecting information on loneliness, isolation and poor health (n = 680). The survey was administered through Sunderland District Council in 2016-2017, and data were analysed at The University of Sunderland. METHODS: The study used a quantitative approach, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics, engaging in univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels of analysis. RESULTS: A number of significant findings emerged from the data analysis, linking lower socio-economic status to experiences of loneliness (P = 0.000) and social isolation (P = 0.000). When determining if social isolation and socio-economics had a detrimental impact on a person's health, no statistical association was discovered (P = 0.098). Yet, there was a significant relationship concerning socio-economic status, loneliness and poor health (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The authors have identified a number of associations within the data with reference to isolation, loneliness and poor health. Therefore, participants from a lower socio-economic group experienced disproportionately high levels of social isolation and emotional loneliness when compared with other socio-economic groups. The data also demonstrate that participants who experienced loneliness, and who were from a lower socio-economic background, were consistently more likely to report poor health than those from other socio-economic backgrounds.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to discover whether lower socio-economic status is associated with increased experiences of loneliness and isolation. The research subsequently determined whether this relationship impacted health inequalities. STUDY DESIGN: The study used a cross-sectional, self-reported survey collecting information on loneliness, isolation and poor health (n = 680). The survey was administered through Sunderland District Council in 2016-2017, and data were analysed at The University of Sunderland. METHODS: The study used a quantitative approach, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics, engaging in univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels of analysis. RESULTS: A number of significant findings emerged from the data analysis, linking lower socio-economic status to experiences of loneliness (P = 0.000) and social isolation (P = 0.000). When determining if social isolation and socio-economics had a detrimental impact on a person's health, no statistical association was discovered (P = 0.098). Yet, there was a significant relationship concerning socio-economic status, loneliness and poor health (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The authors have identified a number of associations within the data with reference to isolation, loneliness and poor health. Therefore, participants from a lower socio-economic group experienced disproportionately high levels of social isolation and emotional loneliness when compared with other socio-economic groups. The data also demonstrate that participants who experienced loneliness, and who were from a lower socio-economic background, were consistently more likely to report poor health than those from other socio-economic backgrounds.
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