| Literature DB >> 30374389 |
Latifa Merzougui1, Tarek Barhoumi1, Tayeb Guizani2, Hafed Barhoumi2, Hajer Hannachi1, Elyess Turki3, Wael Majdoub3.
Abstract
Although the number of ICU beds is generally limited, the incidence rates of nosocomial infections is high. Managing infectious risk in ICU is a priority today; one of the strategic aims is the establishment of systems for epidemiological control. The aim of our study is to determine the incidence and the clinical aspects in order to identify the risk factors. We conducted a longitudinal descriptive impact assessment study enrolling patients hospedalized for more than 48 hours in general purpose Intensive Care Unit at the Ibn El JAZZAR Hospital, Kairouan over a period of 1 year, from 01/03/2013 to 28/02/2014. The study focused on 265 patients whose average age was 39±20 years (18-93 years) with a sex ratio(M/F) of 2.48. We identified 125 episodes of nosocomial infections in 81 patients corresponding to a total incidence of 30.6%. The incidence density rate was 55 infections per 1000 days of hospitalization. There was a clear predominance of pneumopathies, with an incidence of 27.73%, followed by urinary tract infections (9,73%), infections associated with central venous catheter (6.25%) and surgical site infections (2.34%). Mortality rate of patients was 28.7%, with a significant difference between infected patients (44.7% of cases) and non-infected patients (29.07%) (p < 10-3). Gram-negative bacteria were found in 80% of cases. Prevention must involve a global and multidisciplinary action.Entities:
Keywords: Nosocomial infections; healthcare-associated infections; incidence; resuscitation; risk factors
Mesh:
Year: 2018 PMID: 30374389 PMCID: PMC6201599 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.143.13824
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Durée d'exposition aux dispositifs médicaux invasifs
| Dispositif (DM) | Nombre de Jours patients d’exposition | Durée d’exposition au DM (j) | RDEI | RDEIS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| moyenne | Ecart-type | min | max | ||||
| Sonde vésicale | 1990 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 38 | 88,20% | 93,42% |
| Cathéter veineux central | 1407 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 28 | 63,12% | 85,79% |
| Sonde D’intubation | 1260 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 22 | 55,85% | 74,42% |
| Drainage thoracique | 180 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7,97% | 25,35% |
Caractéristiques de la population étudiée et facteurs associées aux infections nosocomiales
| Facteurs de risque | Total des patients inclus (n=265) | Patients infectés (n=81) | Patients non infectés (n=184) | Risque Relatif [IC95%] | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (moyenne) | 39,28±20 | 41,63±19 | 38,25±20 | --------- | 0,209 |
| Genre (H/F) | 189/76 | 58/23 | 131/53 | --------- | 0,946 |
| Immunodépression (n-%) | 76 (28,76%) | 28(34,56%) | 48 (26,08%) | --------- | 0,208 |
| IGS II (moyenne) | 19,26± 10 | 23,84±9,25 | 17,25±9,89 | 6,59 [4,04-9,13] | |
| Chirurgie (n-%) | 110 (41,50%) | 49 (60,49%) | 61 (33,15%) | 2,08 [1,43-3,02] | |
| Durée de séjour (jours) | 8,53±6 | 15,31±10,62 | 5,52±3,59 | 9,78 [8,01-11,55] | |
| Intubation (n-%) | 165(62,26%) | 77 (95,06%) | 88 (47,82%) | 11,66 [4,40-30,89] | |
| Trachéotomie (n-%) | 20 (7,54%) | 17 (20,98%) | 3 (1,63%) | 3,22 [2,44 - 4,26] | |
| Durée d’intubation (jours) | 4,75±4 | 11,32±9,99 | 1,86±1 | 9,45 [7,17-11,15] | |
| CVC (n-%) | 150(56,60%) | 75 (92,59%) | 75 (40,76%) | 9,53 [4,32-21,22] | |
| Durée de CVC (jours) | 5,35±5 | 12,65±9,47 | 2,14±2 | 10,51 [8,87-12,15] | |
| Sondage vésical (n-%) | 239 (90,18%) | 80 (98,76%) | 159 (86,41%) | 8,70 [1,26-59,97] | |
| Durée de SV (jours) | 7,53±7 | 13,93±9,01 | 4,70±4 | 9,23 [7,51-10,94] | |
| Drain thoracique (n-%) | 56 (21,13%) | 28 (34,56%) | 28 (15,21%) | 1,97 [1,38-2,79] | |
| Cathétérisme artériel | 134(50,56%) | 66 (81,48%) | 68 (36,95%) | 4,30 [2,59-7,13] | |
| Ratio de dispositif par patient | 3,01±1,62 | 4,29±1,11 | 2,32±1,43 | 1,97 [1,61-2,32] |
Figure 1Sites des infections nosocomiales
incidence des infections nosocomiales en Réanimation dans différents études
| Etude | Réf | Région-Pays | Année | Période d’étude | Nombre d’unités de réanimation | Nombre de patients | Incidence | Densité d'incidence | Durée moyenne de séjour |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abich | 17 | Monastir- Tunisie | 2003 | 1 an | 1 | 244 | 19,8 | 25,00 | 8,00 |
| Moalla | 18 | Sfax- Tunisie | 2005 | 3 mois | 1 | 261 | 16,9 | 34,70 | 8,00 |
| Chaouch | 16 | Sousse- Tunisie | 2010 | 6 mois | 1 | 215 | 29,33 | 20,70 | 14,00 |
| NNIS | 14 | USA | 1991 | 31 | - | 9,20 | |||
| Quassimi | 11 | Maroc | 2008 | 1 | 147 | 38,40 | 35,60 | 19,00 | |
| Réa raisin | 1 | France | 2012 | 196 | 29554 | 13,00 | 24,16 | 11,00 | |
| Notre étude | -- | Kairouan-Tunisie | 2014 | 1 an | 1 | 265 | 30,6 | 55,00 | 8,00 |
Densité d'incidence des IN selon le site et la durée d'exposition
| Auteurs | Réf | Densité d’incidence des PAVM (p/j) | Durée moyenne de VM (jours) | Densité d’incidence d’Inf Ur(p/j) | Durée moyenne de SV (jours) | Densité d’incidence des inf sur CTVC (p/j) | Durée moyenne de CVC (jours) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abich | 17 | 44,00 | - | 7,00 | - | 15,00 | - |
| Moalla | 18 | 22,40 | 7,00 | 8,00 | 8,00 | 1,00 | 12,00 |
| Quassimi | 11 | 47,00 | 14,54 | 21,00 | 16,82 | 16,50 | 11,28 |
| Chaouch | 16 | 16,60 | 4,90 | 11,00 | 10,7 | 2,00 | 7,00 |
| Réa Raisin | 1 | 14,66 | 9,00 | 3,85 | 12,00 | 0,79 | 13,00 |
| Notre étude | - | 50,00 | 8,00 | 12,00 | 7,00 | 11,23 | 8,00 |