Sahreh Shabani1, Mohammad Ali Mirshekar2. 1. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Electronic address: ma_mirshekar@old.zaums.ac.ir.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, is used as a standard pharmaceutical model for inducing cognitive impairment in animals. Several cognitive behaviors, such as motor function, anxiety, short-term memory, attention are affected by injections of scopolamine. In this study, we have assessed the effects of administration of the diosmin (DM, 50 and 100 mg/kg), before injection of 0.4 mg/kg of scopolamine on memory and motor function, the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) electrophysiological activity as well as brain inflammation. METHODS: Eighty male rats were randomly divided into five groups (Control, Veh + scopolamine, DM (50) + scopolamine and DM (100) + scopolamine, donepezil (DP) + scopolamine, n = 16). Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) is used, in order to induce an animal model of cognitive impairment. Rats pretreated with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of DM, 3 mg/kg of DP and/or normal saline for 7 days, before injection of scopolamine. Long-term potentiation (LTP) recording was done for electrophysiological activity assessment. Passive avoidance task (PAT), rotarod and spatial memory tests were evaluated, using a shuttle box, rotarod apparatus and Morris water maze (MWM), respectively. RESULTS: Results indicated that DM at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, significantly reversed the LTP (amplitude and slope) impairment of the hippocampal DG neurons, induced by scopolamine. Also, DM at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg increased the percent of the total time that animals spent in goal quarter, the step-through latency (s) and bar latency time in an animal model of cognitive impairment (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), respectively. The concentrations of TNF-α in hippocampus of the DM and donepezil groups was significantly lower than the Veh + scopolamine group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the DM is effective in preventing the disruption of synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairments, induced by scopolamine. The positive effects of DM may be mediated through a decline in the TNF- α concentrations in hippocampus as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Thus, the acquired results suggested that the DM can be used, as a useful and suitable agent for memory restoration, in the treatment of dementia, seen in elderlies.
OBJECTIVE:Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, is used as a standard pharmaceutical model for inducing cognitive impairment in animals. Several cognitive behaviors, such as motor function, anxiety, short-term memory, attention are affected by injections of scopolamine. In this study, we have assessed the effects of administration of the diosmin (DM, 50 and 100 mg/kg), before injection of 0.4 mg/kg of scopolamine on memory and motor function, the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) electrophysiological activity as well as brain inflammation. METHODS: Eighty male rats were randomly divided into five groups (Control, Veh + scopolamine, DM (50) + scopolamine and DM (100) + scopolamine, donepezil (DP) + scopolamine, n = 16). Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) is used, in order to induce an animal model of cognitive impairment. Rats pretreated with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of DM, 3 mg/kg of DP and/or normal saline for 7 days, before injection of scopolamine. Long-term potentiation (LTP) recording was done for electrophysiological activity assessment. Passive avoidance task (PAT), rotarod and spatial memory tests were evaluated, using a shuttle box, rotarod apparatus and Morris water maze (MWM), respectively. RESULTS: Results indicated that DM at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, significantly reversed the LTP (amplitude and slope) impairment of the hippocampal DG neurons, induced by scopolamine. Also, DM at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg increased the percent of the total time that animals spent in goal quarter, the step-through latency (s) and bar latency time in an animal model of cognitive impairment (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), respectively. The concentrations of TNF-α in hippocampus of the DM and donepezil groups was significantly lower than the Veh + scopolamine group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the DM is effective in preventing the disruption of synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairments, induced by scopolamine. The positive effects of DM may be mediated through a decline in the TNF- α concentrations in hippocampus as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Thus, the acquired results suggested that the DM can be used, as a useful and suitable agent for memory restoration, in the treatment of dementia, seen in elderlies.
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