Qiang Liu1, Xinmiao Fan2, Shuang Liu3, Li Wang4, Yulin Jiang5, Xiaowei Chen6. 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China. Electronic address: doctorliuqiang@163.com. 2. Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China. Electronic address: 15600747630@163.com. 3. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. Electronic address: liu0521shuang@163.com. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. Electronic address: liwang@ibms.pumc.edu.cn. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China. Electronic address: yulinj@gmail.com. 6. Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China. Electronic address: chenxw_pumch@163.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Microtia/atresia is a severe malformation of the external ear. Previous studies have reported the potential risk factors on microtia, whereas few focused on severe microtia/atresia. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to environmental risk factors in patients with severe microtia/atresia in China. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Cases were patients with severe microtia/atresia who presented to PUMCH between January 2014 and October 2017. A total of 322 patients with severe microtia/atresia were enrolled and 322 normal controls matched 1:1 with the patients by sex, age and nationality were enrolled. The designed questionnaires were completed and data were gathered. Odds ratios were estimated with logistic regression models along with 95% confidence intervals in severe microtia/atresia. RESULTS: Most cases were males(68.6%), and the cases were observed more common in unilateral(80.7%), right-sided (54.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that threatened abortion (OR 4.066,95% CI = 2.360-7.007), NSAIDs (OR 2.576,95% CI = 1.079-6.148), virus infection (OR 1.933,95% CI = 1.148-3.256), anemia (OR 1.902,95% CI = 1.026-3.526), miscarriages (OR 1.804,95% CI = 1.425-2.285), maternal age (OR 1.079,95% CI = 1.015-1.148) and paternal age (OR 1.061,95% CI = 1.003-1.122) were associated with a higher risk of severe microtia/atresia. CONCLUSION: These results support that some maternal risk factors could be associated with severe microtia/atresia.
OBJECTIVE:Microtia/atresia is a severe malformation of the external ear. Previous studies have reported the potential risk factors on microtia, whereas few focused on severe microtia/atresia. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to environmental risk factors in patients with severe microtia/atresia in China. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Cases were patients with severe microtia/atresia who presented to PUMCH between January 2014 and October 2017. A total of 322 patients with severe microtia/atresia were enrolled and 322 normal controls matched 1:1 with the patients by sex, age and nationality were enrolled. The designed questionnaires were completed and data were gathered. Odds ratios were estimated with logistic regression models along with 95% confidence intervals in severe microtia/atresia. RESULTS: Most cases were males(68.6%), and the cases were observed more common in unilateral(80.7%), right-sided (54.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that threatened abortion (OR 4.066,95% CI = 2.360-7.007), NSAIDs (OR 2.576,95% CI = 1.079-6.148), virus infection (OR 1.933,95% CI = 1.148-3.256), anemia (OR 1.902,95% CI = 1.026-3.526), miscarriages (OR 1.804,95% CI = 1.425-2.285), maternal age (OR 1.079,95% CI = 1.015-1.148) and paternal age (OR 1.061,95% CI = 1.003-1.122) were associated with a higher risk of severe microtia/atresia. CONCLUSION: These results support that some maternal risk factors could be associated with severe microtia/atresia.