Joseph Ward1, Georgina Phillips2, Ishan Radotra2, Sarah Smailes2, Peter Dziewulski3, Jufen Zhang4, Niall Martin5. 1. St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 7ET, United Kingdom. Electronic address: joseph.a.ward@btinternet.com. 2. St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 7ET, United Kingdom. 3. St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 7ET, United Kingdom; St. Andrew's Anglia Ruskin (StAAR) Research Group, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom. 4. St. Andrew's Anglia Ruskin (StAAR) Research Group, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom. 5. St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 7ET, United Kingdom; Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Burn injury in the elderly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is not uncommon for biological age, or frailty, to differ from chronological age in this patient group and thus predicting individual clinical outcomes remains challenging. It has been previously shown that Rockwood's Clinical Frailty Scale, a global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in older people, can be a useful adjunct for predicting outcomes for elderly patients with burns >10% TBSA. We refine our previous work to investigate the impact of frailty on mortality of elderly patients with thermal burns of any size admitted to a burns unit and explore its role as a meaningful adjunct to the modified Baux score. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of case notes for all patients ≥65years admitted to our burns centre as an in-patient during an 8-year period was performed with standard demographics, burn injury parameters, length of stay and mortality outcomes collected. Measures of frailty were reviewed and statistically analysed to assess the impact of biological aging on clinical outcome in order to assess how the modified Baux score may be developed for the elderly using Frailty Score. RESULTS: 239 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 77years (range: 65-99years) and mean burn size was 14.46% TBSA (Range: 0.1-98% TBSA). The modified Baux and Frailty Score were both independent predictors of mortality (p<0.0001). Increased premorbid Frailty Score was associated with increased in-hospital (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.63-3.34) and one-year mortality (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.22-4.41) independent of burn size compared to the modified Baux Score (IHM OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.07-1.13, 1yr M: OR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). The Frailty Score (>3) was a much more sensitive predictor of one-year mortality (Sensitivity: 83.9%; Specificity: 66.4%) than the modified Baux (>97) (Sensitivity: 59.8%; Specificity: 82.9%). A Frailty Score >3 when combined with the modified Baux score demonstrated increased area under ROC curve for both in-hospital (0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.94); p=0.02) and one-year (0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.92); p=0.02) mortality when compared to the modified Baux alone. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that Frailty Score can be used to independently predict in-hospital and one-year mortality for thermal burns of any size in the elderly admitted as an in-patient to a burns unit. We also find that the Frailty Score can be employed in combination with the modified Baux score to improve mortality prediction. We recommend that Frailty Score is integrated into the modified Baux score and used to focus burn care resources appropriately. Crown
INTRODUCTION:Burn injury in the elderly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is not uncommon for biological age, or frailty, to differ from chronological age in this patient group and thus predicting individual clinical outcomes remains challenging. It has been previously shown that Rockwood's Clinical Frailty Scale, a global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in older people, can be a useful adjunct for predicting outcomes for elderly patients with burns >10% TBSA. We refine our previous work to investigate the impact of frailty on mortality of elderly patients with thermal burns of any size admitted to a burns unit and explore its role as a meaningful adjunct to the modified Baux score. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of case notes for all patients ≥65years admitted to our burns centre as an in-patient during an 8-year period was performed with standard demographics, burn injury parameters, length of stay and mortality outcomes collected. Measures of frailty were reviewed and statistically analysed to assess the impact of biological aging on clinical outcome in order to assess how the modified Baux score may be developed for the elderly using Frailty Score. RESULTS: 239 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 77years (range: 65-99years) and mean burn size was 14.46% TBSA (Range: 0.1-98% TBSA). The modified Baux and Frailty Score were both independent predictors of mortality (p<0.0001). Increased premorbid Frailty Score was associated with increased in-hospital (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.63-3.34) and one-year mortality (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.22-4.41) independent of burn size compared to the modified Baux Score (IHM OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.07-1.13, 1yr M: OR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). The Frailty Score (>3) was a much more sensitive predictor of one-year mortality (Sensitivity: 83.9%; Specificity: 66.4%) than the modified Baux (>97) (Sensitivity: 59.8%; Specificity: 82.9%). A Frailty Score >3 when combined with the modified Baux score demonstrated increased area under ROC curve for both in-hospital (0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.94); p=0.02) and one-year (0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.92); p=0.02) mortality when compared to the modified Baux alone. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that Frailty Score can be used to independently predict in-hospital and one-year mortality for thermal burns of any size in the elderly admitted as an in-patient to a burns unit. We also find that the Frailty Score can be employed in combination with the modified Baux score to improve mortality prediction. We recommend that Frailty Score is integrated into the modified Baux score and used to focus burn care resources appropriately. Crown
Authors: Kathleen A Iles; Emilie Duchesneau; Paula D Strassle; Lori Chrisco; Thomas Clark Howell; Booker King; Felicia N Williams; Rabia Nizamani Journal: J Burn Care Res Date: 2022-03-23 Impact factor: 1.845
Authors: Kiran Dyamenahalli; Kevin Choy; Daniel N Frank; Kevin Najarro; Devin Boe; Kathryn L Colborn; Juan-Pablo Idrovo; Anne L Wagner; Arek J Wiktor; Majid Afshar; Ellen L Burnham; Rachel H McMahan; Elizabeth J Kovacs Journal: J Burn Care Res Date: 2022-09-01 Impact factor: 1.819
Authors: Agnieszka Markiewicz-Gospodarek; Małgorzata Kozioł; Maciej Tobiasz; Jacek Baj; Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner; Agata Przekora Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-01-25 Impact factor: 3.390