Qin Li1, Yuan-Yuan Wang2, Yuming Guo3, Hong Zhou4, Xiaobin Wang5, Qiaomei Wang6, Haiping Shen6, Yiping Zhang6, Donghai Yan6, Ya Zhang7, Hongguang Zhang7, Shanshan Li3, Gongbo Chen3, Lizi Lin1, Jun Zhao7, Yuan He7, Ying Yang7, Jihong Xu7, Yan Wang7, Zuoqi Peng7, Hai-Jun Wang8, Xu Ma9. 1. Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Center for Human Genetic Resources, Beijing, China. 2. National Center for Human Genetic Resources, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 4. Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China. 5. Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. 6. Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC, Beijing, China. 7. National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China. 8. Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Center for Human Genetic Resources, Beijing, China. Electronic address: whjun1@bjmu.edu.cn. 9. National Center for Human Genetic Resources, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China. Electronic address: NFPCC_ma@163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most evidences regarding ambient PM2.5 or PM10 (particulate matter of median aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm or ≤10 μm) and preterm birth (PTB) come from western countries which has relatively low PM pollution exposure, and the results are still inconsistent. This study aims to examine whether exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 or PM10 was associated with PTB (<37 weeks) and near term birth (37-38 weeks). METHOD: We established a birth cohort with 1,280,524 singleton pregnancies who delivered from Dec 1st, 2013 to Nov 30th, 2014 and matched their home address to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations which were predicted with machine learning methods based satellite remote sensing, meteorological and land use information. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the associations between PTB and exposure of PM2.5 or PM10, after controlling for individual level covariates. RESULTS: Exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of PTB and near term birth [e.g., Hazard ratios: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.10), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.08), 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02), and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.10) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimester and over the entire pregnancy, respectively]. The effects appeared to be stronger among women who come from rural areas, worked as farmers, were overweight before conception, whose mate was smoking during pregnancy, and conceived in autumn. CONCLUSION: This study provides clear evidence that exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of PTB and near term birth. Public policies regarding improvement of air quality would produce great health benefit by reducing the burden of preterm birth.
BACKGROUND: Most evidences regarding ambient PM2.5 or PM10 (particulate matter of median aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm or ≤10 μm) and preterm birth (PTB) come from western countries which has relatively low PM pollution exposure, and the results are still inconsistent. This study aims to examine whether exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 or PM10 was associated with PTB (<37 weeks) and near term birth (37-38 weeks). METHOD: We established a birth cohort with 1,280,524 singleton pregnancies who delivered from Dec 1st, 2013 to Nov 30th, 2014 and matched their home address to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations which were predicted with machine learning methods based satellite remote sensing, meteorological and land use information. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the associations between PTB and exposure of PM2.5 or PM10, after controlling for individual level covariates. RESULTS: Exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of PTB and near term birth [e.g., Hazard ratios: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.10), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.08), 1.01 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.02), and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.10) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimester and over the entire pregnancy, respectively]. The effects appeared to be stronger among women who come from rural areas, worked as farmers, were overweight before conception, whose mate was smoking during pregnancy, and conceived in autumn. CONCLUSION: This study provides clear evidence that exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of PTB and near term birth. Public policies regarding improvement of air quality would produce great health benefit by reducing the burden of preterm birth.
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