K Bailey Freund1,2, David Sarraf3,4, Belinda C S Leong1, Sean Thomas Garrity3, Kiran K Vupparaboina5,6, Kunal K Dansingani7,8. 1. Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York. 3. Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles. 4. Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California. 5. Surjana Center for Innovation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. 6. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India. 7. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 8. Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England.
Abstract
Importance: Analysis of collateral vessel formation following retinal vein occlusion may advance our understanding of the venous outflow anatomy in the macula. Objective: To determine the location of collateral vessels with optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography imaging. Design, Setting, and Participants: Observational retrospective cohort study. Collateral vessel formation was studied with OCT angiography (OCTA) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The study took place at 2 retinal practices (Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles), with patient records retrieved from March 2015 to August 2017. Data analysis was completed in November 2017. Exposures: Collaterals identified with fundus photography and/or fluorescein angiography were analyzed with OCTA to determine their course through the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and the deep vascular complex (DVC). Main Outcomes and Measures: Collateral vessel pathways through the SVP and DVC were analyzed with cross-sectional and en face OCT and OCTA segmentation and color-coded volume renderings prepared from raw OCTA voxel data. Results: From 23 eyes (22 branch and 1 hemispheric retinal vein occlusion ) of 23 patients (mean [SD] age, 73 [11] years), 101 collateral vessels were identified and analyzed (mean [SD], 4.4 [2.0]; range, 2-9 collateral per eye). On OCTA, the collaterals appeared as curvilinear dilated flow signals that connected veins across the horizontal raphe or veins on opposite sides of an occluded venous segment within the same retinal hemisphere. Of the 101 collaterals analyzed, all showed greater flow signal in the DVC, and all had some portion of their course identified within the DVC. No collaterals were found exclusively in the SVP. Volume renderings for 3 cases confirmed qualitatively that retinal collateral vessels course through the retina predominantly at the level of the DVC. Conclusions and Relevance: Based on a limited number of cases, all collateral vessels associated with retinal vein occlusion were found to course through the DVC. The absence of collaterals isolated to the SVP supports a serial arrangement of the SVP and DVC, with venous drainage predominantly coursing through the DVC.
Importance: Analysis of collateral vessel formation following retinal vein occlusion may advance our understanding of the venous outflow anatomy in the macula. Objective: To determine the location of collateral vessels with optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography imaging. Design, Setting, and Participants: Observational retrospective cohort study. Collateral vessel formation was studied with OCT angiography (OCTA) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The study took place at 2 retinal practices (Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York and Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles), with patient records retrieved from March 2015 to August 2017. Data analysis was completed in November 2017. Exposures: Collaterals identified with fundus photography and/or fluorescein angiography were analyzed with OCTA to determine their course through the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and the deep vascular complex (DVC). Main Outcomes and Measures: Collateral vessel pathways through the SVP and DVC were analyzed with cross-sectional and en face OCT and OCTA segmentation and color-coded volume renderings prepared from raw OCTA voxel data. Results: From 23 eyes (22 branch and 1 hemispheric retinal vein occlusion ) of 23 patients (mean [SD] age, 73 [11] years), 101 collateral vessels were identified and analyzed (mean [SD], 4.4 [2.0]; range, 2-9 collateral per eye). On OCTA, the collaterals appeared as curvilinear dilated flow signals that connected veins across the horizontal raphe or veins on opposite sides of an occluded venous segment within the same retinal hemisphere. Of the 101 collaterals analyzed, all showed greater flow signal in the DVC, and all had some portion of their course identified within the DVC. No collaterals were found exclusively in the SVP. Volume renderings for 3 cases confirmed qualitatively that retinal collateral vessels course through the retina predominantly at the level of the DVC. Conclusions and Relevance: Based on a limited number of cases, all collateral vessels associated with retinal vein occlusion were found to course through the DVC. The absence of collaterals isolated to the SVP supports a serial arrangement of the SVP and DVC, with venous drainage predominantly coursing through the DVC.
Authors: Yanping Huang; Qinqin Zhang; Mariana R Thorell; Lin An; Mary K Durbin; Michal Laron; Utkarsh Sharma; Giovanni Gregori; Philip J Rosenfeld; Ruikang K Wang Journal: Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina Date: 2014 Sep-Oct Impact factor: 1.300
Authors: Michel Paques; Ramin Tadayoni; Richard Sercombe; Pierre Laurent; Olivier Genevois; Alain Gaudric; Eric Vicaut Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2003-11 Impact factor: 4.799