Formamidinium Nitroformate: An Insensitive RDX Alternative.

Five nitroformate (trinitromethanide) salts featuring nitrogen-containing cations were prepared. The salts were characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray analysis, differential thermal analysis, and friction and impact sensitivity testing. These experimental data are supplemented with thermochemical calculations using the Gaussian-4 composite method, and the performance of these energetic materials was calculated based on the Chapman-Jouguet thermodynamic detonation theory. Out of the five compounds studied by us, the formamidinium salt, [CH(NH2)2]+[C(NO2)3]-, is most interesting. Its performance matches that of RDX (research department explosive, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine), while it is much less sensitive to impact and friction and, therefore, might be an excellent, less sensitive replacement for RDX.