Takuma Matsubara1, Mariko Urata1, Tsuyoshi Nakajima1, Mari Fukuzaki1, Ryo Masuda1, Yoshiyuki Yoshimoto1, William N Addison2, Chihiro Nakatomi1, Kazmasa Morikawa3, Min Zhang4, Katsura Saeki5, Yukiko Takahashi6, Atsuko Nakamichi6, Shoichiro Kokabu7. 1. Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 2. Research Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. 3. Division of Pediatric and Special Care Dentistry, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan. 4. Division of Oral Pathology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 5. Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 6. School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 7. Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan r14kokabu@fa.kyu-dent.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a C20 isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, including rice. As a food substance, GGOH is categorized as 'Generally Recognized as Safe'. GGOH is an intermediate product in the mevalonate pathway and acts as a precursor to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C2C12 mouse myoblasts derived from muscle satellite cells were used. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting analysis, and immunocytochemical analysis were performed to respectively assess mRNA expression, protein levels, and the number of myofibers. RESULTS: GGOH reduced the expression levels of skeletal muscle atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases in myofibers derived from C2C12 cells. GGOH induced myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells via geranylgeranylation. GGOH did not adversely affect the proliferation of C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION: GGOH induces myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. Copyright
BACKGROUND:Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a C20 isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, including rice. As a food substance, GGOH is categorized as 'Generally Recognized as Safe'. GGOH is an intermediate product in the mevalonate pathway and acts as a precursor to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C2C12 mouse myoblasts derived from muscle satellite cells were used. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting analysis, and immunocytochemical analysis were performed to respectively assess mRNA expression, protein levels, and the number of myofibers. RESULTS:GGOH reduced the expression levels of skeletal muscle atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases in myofibers derived from C2C12 cells. GGOH induced myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells via geranylgeranylation. GGOH did not adversely affect the proliferation of C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION:GGOH induces myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. Copyright
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