The onset of liver glycogen synthesis in fasted-refed lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) rats.

Lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) rats were fed ad libitum, or fasted for 17 h and then meal-fed for varying time intervals. During refeeding, glucose-6-phosphatase activity of lean rats declined to the low value that was present in livers of fasted obese rats and which remained unchanged in the obese group during the meal. Refeeding also resulted in increases in hepatic concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate, pyruvate and lactate in lean and obese rats, absolute values being higher in the fasted obese than in the fasted lean group. Obese animals had higher postprandial portal blood insulin, glucose and lactate concentrations than lean animals. In spite of this, the rate of hepatic glycogen deposition was the same in both groups and was accompanied by similar glycogen synthase a levels. Following refeeding, phosphorylase was transiently inactivated in livers of lean but not of obese animals, while glycogen synthase was inactivated in both groups. The data suggest that in lean animals refeeding was associated with a stimulation of liver glycolysis, presumably by insulin; in fasted obese rats hepatic glycolysis was already in a stimulated state and was only slightly enhanced further after the meal, in keeping with their unaltered hyperinsulinaemia; there was an increased turnover of liver glycogen or a resistance to insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis in fa/fa rats during refeeding.