Literature DB >> 30344432

Checklist of acanthocephalan parasites of South Africa.

Ali Halajian1, Lesley R Smales2, Sareh Tavakol1, Nico J Smit3.   

Abstract

Twenty-one species of acanthocephalans, representative of thirteen genera from ten families of seven orders and three classes, are included in this updated checklist of acanthocephalans in South Africa. Although South Africa appears to have a less diverse acanthocephalan fauna compared to some other countries such as Iran in Asia, or Brazil in South America, this is probably an artefact of fewer parasitological surveys.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Acanthocephala ; Africa; diversity; helminths; wildlife

Year:  2018        PMID: 30344432      PMCID: PMC6193052          DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.789.27710

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zookeys        ISSN: 1313-2970            Impact factor:   1.546


Introduction

South Africa’s landscape is the third most biologically diverse in the world with 6% of the world’s mammal species, 8% of bird species and 5% of reptile species of which many are endemic (da Silva and Willows-Munro 2016). In regard to invertebrates, only 36,803 species are listed for Africa, and 12,098 for South Africa (Hamer 2010). It is said that in South African habitats, there are many undiscovered and undescribed animal species, especially invertebrates. It is estimated that as many as 80,000 South African animal species remain to be discovered or described, and most of these animals are invertebrates (Hamer 2013). The most comprehensive checklist of helminth parasites of Africa was compiled for freshwater fishes by Khalil (1971) and updated by Khalil and Polling (1997). It included very few records of acanthocephalans considering the total number of freshwater fish species present in the continent. The updated list (Khalil and Polling 1997) comprised 568 adult helminth parasites of which only 21 species are acanthocephalans. These records were compiled from 359 species of African freshwater fishes (assigned to 89 genera belonging to 32 families) of an estimated 3000 existing inland fish species (Khalil and Polling 1997). These examples illustrate the lack of knowledge of the helminth fauna of the wildlife of the African continent in general and in South Africa in particular. This is the first checklist of acanthocephalans of South Africa and the aim is to provide a comprehensive record of all the previously reported species of occurring in South African hosts as well as new records from our on-going research on parasites of wildlife, while simultaneously demonstrating the need for more extensive parasitological surveys.

Materials and methods

Data were obtained from two sources, published records and our own ongoing studies on the of South African wildlife. These data are presented in two parts. In the first part parasites are listed systematically, with families, genera, and species in alphabetical order. The scientific name, including any synonyms, followed by the scientific and common name of the host, the locality in which the parasite was reported and museum (location) of type specimens where known. In the second part, the hosts are listed systematically by their scientific names and parasite records from each host are given together with locality and reference. The records without references are those of our ongoing study that are being reported here for the first time. Classification of the follows Amin (2013). For the hosts, fish taxonomy is based on Skelton (2001, 2016) and Fishbase (Froese and Pauly 2016), bird taxonomy is based on Clements et al. (2016) and mammal taxonomy on Wilson and Reader (2005) and Apps (2012). Abbreviations for museums are: Natural History Museum London, London, UK; Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden; South African Museum at Cape Town, South Africa; South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia; United States National Museum Helminthological Collection United States National Parasite Collection now held in the Invertebrate Zoology collection of the Smithsonian Museum, Washington, USA. Acanthocephalan specimens from our ongoing wildlife parasitology projects were mostly collected from roadkill animals, museum collections, hunting/culling surveys and other research permits received for a limited number of specimens through the Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism (LEDET) (permit number CPM004961 and ZA/LP/HO/3370 for freshwater fish research, 001-CPM403-00012 and ZA/LP/HO/3448 for frogs, ZA/LP/HO/3432 for rodents and ZA/LP/87586 for roadkills). Acanthocephalans from freshly dead animals were placed in tap water and refrigerated for a few hours to one day until the proboscis was everted and then fixed and stored in 70% ethanol until studied. Acanthocephalans from frozen hosts were fixed and stored in 70% ethanol. Some specimens were prepared for examination by staining in Mayer’s acid carmine, destained in HCl in 70% ethanol, dehydrated through increasing concentrations of ethanol, cleared in xylene, and mounted as whole worms in Canada balsam. Other worms were examined as temporary mounts following clearing in lactophenol or beechwood creosote. A total of 102 species of birds (151 individuals), 72 of mammals (420 individuals), 9 of reptiles (18 individuals) and 42 (1050 individuals) of fishes were examined for this study (details in Table 1).
Table 1.

Total number of host taxa examined and those infected with acanthocephalans (i.e. number of taxa that harboured acanthocephalans, in parenthesis) during our ongoing study on wildlife parasites in South Africa.

Taxon GroupOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
Amphibians 1 (0)8 (0)13 (0)19 (0)
Birds 21 (5)50 (5)87 (5)102 (5)
Fishes (freshwater)8 (1)13 (1)24 (1)42 (1)
Mammals 10 (4)26 (4)59 (6)72 (6)
Reptiles 3 (1)6 (1)7 (1)9 (1)
Totals 43 (11)103 (11)190 (13)244 (13)
Total number of host taxa examined and those infected with acanthocephalans (i.e. number of taxa that harboured acanthocephalans, in parenthesis) during our ongoing study on wildlife parasites in South Africa.

Parasite-Host List

Class: Meyer, 1931

Order: Southwell & Macfie, 1925

Family: Hamann, 1892
Genus: Van Cleave, 1916
Amin, Evans, Heckmann & El-Naggar, 2013 (de Marval, 1902) Southwell & Mac-Fie, 1925 Harris, 1973 (Bhalerao, 1937) Van Cleave, 1947 Notes. is found only in Asia and the species in Africa is actually (Amin et al. 2013; Amin 2013) and not previously reported in South Africa (Junker and Boomker 2006). Host. (L. 1758) (Helmeted Guineafowl) () (type host). Localities. Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa (type locality) (Junker and Boomker 2006); Vicinity of Petrus Steyn, Free State Province, South Africa (Davies et al. 2008); Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Junker and Boomker 2007; Junker et al. 2008). Smales & Halajian, 2018 Bonaparte, 1850 (Karoo Thrush) () (type host). Locality. Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa (type locality) (Smales et al. 2018). Type specimens. Holotype male SAM AHC 48068, allotype female SAM AHC 48069, paratype SAM AHC 48070. (Baer, 1925) Meyer, 1932 Baer, 1925; (L. 1758) (Helmeted Guineafowl) () Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa (Oosthuizen and Markus 1967). (von Linstow, 1901) Dollfus, 1936 von Linstow, 1901; (L. 1758) (Helmeted Guineafowl) (). Rooipoort farm, Kimberley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (Crowe 1977). (Lichtenstein, 1842) (Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill) () Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Order: Schmidt, 1972

Family: Van Cleave, 1924
Genus: Travassos, 1915
Meyer, 1931 (Smith, 1831) (Southern African Hedgehog) () Mohlonong village and University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 2014). (Bremser, 1811) Travassos, 1915 (type species) Bremser, 1811 Railliet, 1893 Porter, 1914 Railliet, 1919 Meyer in Petrochenko, 1958 Meyer, 1932 Meyer, 1932 ( (Smith, 1831) (Southern African Hedgehog) (). Hammanskraal, Gauteng Province, South Africa (Le Roux 1930). Host recorded as in Le Roux (1930). Ward & Nelson, 1967 (Peters, 1852) (Bushveld Gerbil), (Smith, 1834) (Natal ), (Pygmy mouse) (). Bloemhof, Free State Province; Vyeboom village, Limpopo Province; Hoopstad, Free State Province; South Africa. sp. (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) (Thick-tailed Bushbaby) (). Venda, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Remarks. One male and one female worm were found in the small intestine of an adult bushbaby.

Order: Petrochenko, 1956

Family: Southwell & Macfie, 1925
Genus: Spencer Jones, 1990
Spencer Jones, 1990 (type species) (Günther, 1875) (Giant Golden Mole) () (type host). Nqadu Forest, Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (type locality) (Spencer Jones 1990). Holotype male BMNH 1988.2480; allotype female BMNH 1988.2481; paratypes BMNH 1988.2482-2491. sp. Daudin, 1802 (Rock Monitor) (). Tzaneen; Tolwe, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Class: Van Cleave, 1936

Order: Van Cleave, 1936

Family: Van Cleave, 1920
Genus: Thapar, 1927
Subgenus: Verma & Datta, 1929 (Mashego, 1988) Amin, 2005 Host. (Greenwood, 1962) (syn. ) (Sidespot Barb) () (type host). Locality. Lingwe River, Venda, Limpopo Province, South Africa (type locality) (Mashego 1988). Type specimens. Holotype in Transvaal Museum no. TM14659; Paratypes TM5 at University of Limpopo, Zoology, 5. sp. (Peters, 1852) (Mozambique Tilapia) (). Molepo Dam, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Kunutu et al. 2013).
Family: (Ward, 1917) Van Cleave, 1928
Genus: Stiles & Hassall, 1905
Subgenus: Hamann, 1892 Amin & Christison, 2005 (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Japanese Meagre, Dusky Kob) ) (type host). Breede River Estuary, Western Cape Province, South Africa (type locality) (Amin and Christison 2005). No. SAMCTA29536 (holotype male and allotype female; same slide), nos SAMCTA29537-29545 (paratypes), USNPC no. 94918 (paratypes).
Family: Yamaguti, 1939
Genus: Yamaguti, 1935
Dollfus & Golvan, 1963 (Gilchrist, 1904) (syn. ) () (Sole). False Bay, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Dollfus and Golvan 1963). sp. innom. (Pallas, 1814) (syn. ) (Blackhand Sole) (). Klein River estuary, Hermanus, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Bray 1974). Three contracted and immature specimens were found in one fish and one male in another fish. Thus it could not be identified to species level (Bray 1974).
Family: Lühe, 1912
Genus: Lühe, 1911
(Golvan & Houin, 1964) Golvan, 1969 Golvan & Houin, 1964 (Euphrasen, 1791) (Snoek) (). South Africa’s West and South coasts (Nunkoo et al. 2016). Bray, 1974 (Pallas, 1814) (syn. ) (Blackhand Sole) () (type host) Heuninges River estuary, near Cape Agulhas, Western Cape Province, South Africa (type locality) (Bray 1974). British Museum, Registration number 1974.521-550. sp. Cocco, 1833 (Oilfish) (). South Africa’s West coast, Atlantic Ocean (Nunkoo et al. 2017).
Family: Van Cleave, 1916 (Golvan, 1960)
Smales & Halajian, 2017 (Temminck, 1824) (Lizard Buzzard) () (type host). Makhado (Louis Trichardt), Limpopo Province, South Africa (type locality) (Smales et al. 2017). Type Specimens. Holotype male SAM AHC 47858; allotype female SAM AHC 47859; paratypes SAM AHC 47860. (Meyer, 1931) Golvan, 1958 Meyer, 1931 ( (Temminck, 1821) (Spotted Eagle Owl) (). Zandrivierspoort Farm, Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa. sp. L., 1758 (Domestic Cat) (). Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa (Baker et al. 1989). sp. (Gmelin, 1788) (Banded Mongoose) (). Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Family: Golvan, 1960
Subgenus: Kostylew, 1915 (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt & Kuntz, 1966 Goeze, 1782 Gmelin, 1791 Gmelin, 1791 (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos 1926 Dujardin, 1845 (Goeze 1782) Kostylew, 1914 (Westrumb, 1821) Travassos, 1926 de Marval, 1902 (Porta, 1910) Meyer, 1932 (de Marval, 1902) Meyer, 1932 Van Cleave, 1918 Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966 (Pontoppidan, 1763) (Curlew Sandpiper); Temminck, 1823 (Kittlitz’s Plover); Vieillot, 1818 (Three-banded Plover) (). Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999). (Peters, 1854) (syn. ) (African Crake) (). Blouberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa. (Burchell, 1822) (Blacksmith Lapwing) (). Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999). Unidentified plagiorhynchid Host. Vieillot, 1818 (White-fronted Plover), Strickland, 1852 (Chestnut-banded Plover); Temminck, 1823 (Kittlitz’s Plover); (L., 1758) (Black-winged Stilt); (Burchell, 1822) (Blacksmith Lapwing) Locality. Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999).
Family: Meyer, 1931
Genus: Schmidt, 1975
(Weiss, 1914) Zdzitowiecki, 1989 Weiss, 1914 (Gmelin, 1789) (Long-tailed Cormorant) (). Dyer Island, South Africa (Van Cleave 1937). Van Cleave (1937) is mentioning that he looked at a large number of immature worms and he tentatively assigning them to . Petrochenko, 1956 (Van Cleave, 1937) Golvan, 1994 Van Cleave, 1937 (Wahlberg, 1855) (Bank Cormorant) () (type host). Dyer Island, South Africa (type locality) (Van Cleave 1937). Holotype female (1737, 3) and one paratype female (1737, 1) in GNM. One paratype female (1737, 2) in the collection of H.J. Van Cleave, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Genus: Porta, 1908
(von Linstow, 1880) Porta, 1908 von Linstow, 1880 Gubanov, 1952 ( Cocco, 1833 (Oilfish) (). South Africa’s West coast, Atlantic Ocean (Nunkoo et al. 2017). (Rudolphi, 1819) Porta, 1908 Rudolphi, 1819 Molin, 1858 Risso, 1826 Leukart, 1828 Linton, 1888 Harada, 1935 ( (Euphrasen, 1791) (Snoek) (). South Africa’s West and South coasts (Nunkoo et al. 2016).
Genus: Lühe, 1904 (fide Van Cleave, 1945)
Monticelli, 1905 Lühe, 1912 Railliet & Henry, 1907 (misprint) Porta, 1907 Johnston, 1937 Morini & Boero, 1961 (Euphrasen, 1791) (Snoek) (). South Africa’s West and South coasts (Nunkoo et al. 2016).

Results and discussion

A total of twenty-one species of acanthocephalans, from thirteen genera from ten families of seven orders, comprise this updated checklist of acanthocephalans in South Africa. Representatives of three of the four classes of acanthocephalans (Amin 2013) have been reported in South Africa, with only the Amin, 1987 not having been recorded yet. The composition of reported acanthocephalan fauna shows that the is the most represented family with five named species parasitic in marine fish and wild birds. In South Africa, birds have the highest species richness of acanthocephalans to this date with nine named species (from five genera) and five records only identified to group level, followed by fish with eight named species (from six genera) and two species only identified to genus level, mammals with four named species (from two genera) and three species only identified to genus level and finally reptiles with a single species only identified to group level. No acanthocephalans have been reported in amphibians to date. During the current study 110 frog specimens belonging to 19 species were examined but none harboured any acanthocephalans. However, this forms a small part of the entire amphibian fauna of the country which includes 128 described frog species (Frost 2018). Only a small fraction of the vertebrate fauna of South Africa has been surveyed for acanthocephalans and we expect that in future additional acanthocephalan species will be discovered and described. For example it is estimated that many of South Africa’s marine fish parasites have yet to be discovered (Smit and Hadfield 2015). South Africa has an extremely rich biodiversity (Huntley et al. 2005), with nearly 8% of the world’s known species of birds, 6% of mammal species and 5% of reptile species (Driver et al. 2012). Therefore we might expect a more diverse acanthocephalan fauna compared to that of Brazil which has 23 genera and 34 species (from only 119 fish species) (Santos et al. 2008) or Iran with 30 described species (Tavakol et al. 2015). The lower species richness reported for South Africa probably reflects sampling effort rather than the true diversity of the acanthocephalan fauna. Until more data are available it will not be possible to determine the true species richness of the South African acanthocephalan assemblage.
HostParasiteLocality Country/ Reference
Class Aves
Order Accipitriformes
Family Accipitridae
Kaupifalcomonogrammicus (type host)Centrorhynchussarehae (Centrorhynchidae)Makhado (Louis Trichardt), Limpopo Province, South Africa
Order Bucerotiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Tockus leucomelas Mediorhynchustaeniatus (Gigantorhynchidae)Limpopo Province, South Africa
Order Charadriiformes
Family Charadriidae
Calidris ferruginea Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Charadrius marginatus Unidentified plagiorhynchid acanthocephalan (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Charadrius pallidus Unidentified plagiorhynchid acanthocephalan (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Charadrius pecuarius Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Unidentified plagiorhynchid acanthocephalan (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Charadrius tricollaris Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Vanellus armatus Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Unidentified plagiorhynchid acanthocephalan (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Family Recurvirostridae
Himantopus himantopus Unidentified plagiorhynchid Acanthocephalan (Plagiorhynchidae)Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 1999)
Order Galliformes
Family Numididae
Numidameleagris (type host)Mediorhynchusafricanus (previously identified as Mediorhynchusgallinarum) (Gigantorhynchidae)Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa (Junker and Boomker 2006); Vicinity of Petrus Steyn, Free State Province, South Africa (Davies et al. 2008); Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Junker and Boomker 2007; Junker et al. 2008)
Mediorhynchusnumidae (Gigantorhynchidae)Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa (Oosthuizen and Markus 1967)
Mediorhynchustaeniatus (Gigantorhynchidae)Rooipoort farm, Kimberley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (Crowe 1977)
Order Gruiformes
Family Rallidae
Crecopsis egregia Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Plagiorhynchidae)Blouberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Order Passeriformes
Family Turdidae
Turdussmithi (type host)Mediorhynchusmokgalongi (Gigantorhynchidae)Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa (type locality) (Smales et al. 2018)
Order Strigiformes
Family Strigidae
Bubo africanus Centrorhynchusclitorideus (Centrorhynchidae)Zandrivierspoort Farm, Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Order Suliformes
Family Phalacrocoracidae
Microcarbo africanus Andracanthatunitae (Polymorphidae)Dyer Island, South Africa (Van Cleave 1937)
Phalacrocoraxneglectus (type host)Arhythmorhynchusturbidus (Polymorphidae)Dyer Island, South Africa (type locality) (Van Cleave 1937)
Class Actinopterygii
Order Cypriniformes
Family Cyprinidae
Enteromius neefi Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) phillipi (Quadrigyridae)Lingwe River, Venda, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Mashego 1988)
Order Perciformes
Family Cichlidae
Oreochromis mossambicus Acanthogyrus sp. (Quadrigyridae)Molepo dam, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Kunutu et al. 2013)
Family Gempylidae
Ruvettus pretiosus Bolbosomacapitatum (Polymorphidae)South Africa’s West coast, Atlantic Ocean (Nunkoo et al. 2017)
Rhadinorhynchus sp. (Rhadinorhynchidae)South Africa’s West coast, Atlantic Ocean (Nunkoo et al. 2017)
Thyrsites atun Bolbosomavasculosum (Polymorphidae)South Africa’s West and South coasts (Nunkoo et al. 2016)
Corynosomaaustrale (Polymorphidae)South Africa’s West and South coasts (Nunkoo et al. 2016)
Rhadinorhynchuscadenati (Rhadinorhynchidae)South Africa’s West and South coasts (Nunkoo et al. 2016)
Family Sciaenidae
Argyrosomusjaponicus (type host)Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) dorsovaginatus (Neoechinorhynchidae)Breede River Estuary, Western Cape Province, South Africa (type locality) (Amin and Christison 2005)
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Soleidae
Pegusanasuta (Soleableekeri) (type host)Rhadinorhynchuscapensis (Rhadinorhynchidae)Heuninges River estuary (Bray 1974)
Longicollum sp. innom. (Pomphorhynchidae)Klein River estuary (Bray 1974)
Barnardichthysfulvomarginata (type host)Longicollumchabanaudi (Pomphorhynchidae)False Bay, Western Cape Province (Dollfus and Golvan 1963)
Class Mammalia
Order Afrosoricida
Family Chrysochloridae
Chrysospalaxtrevelyani (type host)Heptamegacanthusniekerki (Oligacanthorhynchidae)Nqadu Forest, Transkai, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (Spencer Jones 1990)
Order Carnivora
Family Felidae
Felis catus Centrorhynchus sp. (Centrorhynchidae)Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa (Baker et al. 1989)
Family Herpestidae
Mungos mungo Centrorhynchus sp. (Centrorhynchidae)Polokwane, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Order Eulipotyphla
Family Erinaceidae
Atelerixfrontalis (Aethechinusfrontalis)Moniliformiskalahariensis (Moniliformidae)Mohlonong village and University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Amin et al. 2014)
Moniliformismoniliformis (Moniliformidae)Hammanskraal, Gauteng Province, South Africa (Le Roux 1930)
Order Primates
Family Galagidae
Otolemur crassicaudatus Moniliformis sp. (Moniliformidae)Venda, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Order Rodentia
Family Muridae
Gerbilliscus leucogaster Moniliformisacomysi (Moniliformidae)Vyeboom village, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Mastomys natalensis Moniliformisacomysi (Moniliformidae)Bloemhof, Free State Province
Mus minutoides Moniliformisacomysi (Moniliformidae)Hoopstad, Free State Province, South Africa
Class Reptilia
Order Squamata
Family Varanidae
Varanus albigularis Oligacanthorhynchidae sp. (Oligacanthorhynchidae)Tzaneen; Tolwe, Limpopo Province, South Africa
  10 in total

1.  The acanthocephalan fauna of Iran, a check list.

Authors:  Sareh Tavakol; Omar M Amin; Wilmien J Luus-Powell; Ali Halajian
Journal:  Zootaxa       Date:  2015-10-22       Impact factor: 1.091

2.  The helminth community of Helmeted Guineafowls, Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758), in the north of Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Authors:  K Junker; L Debusho; J Boomker
Journal:  Onderstepoort J Vet Res       Date:  2008-09       Impact factor: 1.792

3.  Classification of the acanthocephala.

Authors:  Omar M Amin
Journal:  Folia Parasitol (Praha)       Date:  2013-09       Impact factor: 2.122

4.  Helminths of guineafowls in Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Authors:  K Junker; J Boomker
Journal:  Onderstepoort J Vet Res       Date:  2007-12       Impact factor: 1.792

5.  Acanthocephala in the flatfish Solea bleekeri (Soleidae) from Cape Province, South Africa.

Authors:  R A Bray
Journal:  J Helminthol       Date:  1974-09       Impact factor: 2.170

6.  A survey of helminths in domestic cats in the Pretoria area of Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. Part 1: The prevalence and comparison of burdens of helminths in adult and juvenile cats.

Authors:  M K Baker; L Lange; A Verster; S van der Plaat
Journal:  J S Afr Vet Assoc       Date:  1989-09       Impact factor: 1.474

7.  A new species of Centrorhynchus Lühe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) from the lizard buzzard Kaupifalco monogrammicus (Temminck) (Aves: Accipitridae) in South Africa.

Authors:  Lesley R Smales; Ali Halajian; Makubu P Mokgawa; Wilmien J Luus-Powell
Journal:  Syst Parasitol       Date:  2017-02-21       Impact factor: 1.431

8.  Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) dorsovaginatus n. sp.(Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus (Sciaenidae) on the southern coast of South Africa.

Authors:  Omar M Amin; Kevin W Christison
Journal:  Syst Parasitol       Date:  2005-07       Impact factor: 1.431

9.  Mediorhynchus gallinarum (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) in Helmeted guineafowls, Numida meleagris, in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.

Authors:  K Junker; J Boomker
Journal:  Onderstepoort J Vet Res       Date:  2006-12       Impact factor: 1.792

10.  The description of Mediorhynchus africanus n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) from galliform birds in Africa.

Authors:  Omar M Amin; Paul Evans; Richard A Heckmann; Atif M El-Naggar
Journal:  Parasitol Res       Date:  2013-05-31       Impact factor: 2.289

  10 in total

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