Salivary gland tumors of the tongue. Analysis of 55 new cases and review of the literature.

Fifty-five cases of primary salivary gland tumors of the tongue from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology are reported and analyzed and the results compared with the information in the literature. Five tumors were benign and 50 were malignant. The average age at presentation was 47 years for the benign tumors and 54.3 years for the malignant ones. Although the overall benign/malignant ratio was 1:10, women were more likely to have a malignant tumor than were men. The site of 80% of the benign tumors was the middle to anterior portion of the tongue, whereas over 85% of malignant tumors involved the base. Clinical signs and/or symptoms related to the site aroused suspicion in some cases but often were of short duration and in over 60% of cases did not occur. The most common benign tumor type was the myoepithelial variant of the benign mixed tumor. The most common malignant tumor type was the low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (38%) followed by adenocarcinoma (20%), high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (14%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (10%), and clear cell carcinoma (8%), with occasional basaloid, papillary cystadenocarcinoma, acinic cell and mucus-producing adenocarcinoma. Treatment was similar to that of other accessory salivary gland neoplasms of similar histologic type and clinical stage. Prognosis worsened with high histologic grade, old age, and advanced clinical disease at presentation.