Communicating and enhancing teachers' attitudes and understanding of influenza using refutational text.

Influenza is an important public health issue and schools play an important part in preventing influenza outbreaks. However, little is known about teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward influenza and vaccination. The purposes of this project were to assess preservice and early career teachers' knowledge and attitudes of influenza, evaluate the effectiveness of a refutational text on increasing teachers' attitudes towards and knowledge of influenza and vaccination, and evaluate the effects of participant epistemology, motivation, and cognitive engagement on influenza attitudes and knowledge. We implemented an experimental intervention with 64 pre-service and early career teachers on the effects of a refutational text in remedying influenza misconceptions. Teachers in this sample have vaccination rates (36% received five vaccines in a five-year period) consistent with other US adults. Pre-intervention knowledge scores were moderate and attitudes were slightly positive. Positive attitudes were correlated with increased vaccination. We found refutational texts are effective in eliciting more positive attitudes toward influenza vaccination. We found cognitive engagement was positively correlated to change in attitude. Refutational texts provide an effective mode of influenza and vaccination education.